Please Place Evidence of the 7 of 10 Plate Movements Here

[Moderating Staff]

Kojima had created small snips of Konstantin's animation of the 7 of 10 Plate Movements.

Here is the full 7 of 10 Animation by Konstantin.

This blog is the place to document ongoing earth changes related to the 7 of 10  plate movements as described by the Zetas.

ZetaTalk: 7 of 10 Sequence
written October 16, 2010

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The 7 of 10 scenarios describe plate movements, and for this to occur something has to release the deadlock, the current stalemate where the plates are locked against each other. Once the deadlock is broken and the plates start moving, sliding past each other, new points where the plates are locked against each other develop, but these are weaker locks than the one at present. The current lock, as we have so often stated, is the Indo-Australian Plate which is being driven under the Himalayans. This is no small lock, as the height of the Himalayans attests. Nevertheless, the activity in this region shows this likely to be the first of the 7 of 10 scenarios to manifest. Bangladesh is sinking and the Coral Sea is rising, showing the overall tipping of the Indo-Australian Plate. Now Pakistan is sinking and not draining its floods as it should, while Jakarta on the tongue of Indonesia is also sinking rapidly, showing that the tilt that will allow Indonesia to sink has already started.

Meanwhile, S America is showing signs of a roll to the west. Explosions on islands just to the north of the S American Plate occurred recently, on Bonaire and Trinidad-Tobago, and the Andes are regularly being pummeled. There is a relationship. As the Indo-Australia Plate lifts and slides, this allows the Pacific plates to shift west, which allows S America to shift west also. This is greatly increased by the folding of the Mariana Trench and the Philippine Plate. But it is the Indo-Australian Plate that gives way to incite change in these other plates, and this is what is manifesting now to those closely following the changes. Once the folding of the Pacific has occurred, Japan has been destabilized. We are not allowed to give a time frame for any of these plate movements, but would point out that it is not until the North Island of Japan experiences its strong quakes that a tsunami causing sloshing near Victoria occurs. There are clues that the New Madrid will be next.

Where the N American continent is under great stress, it has not slipped because it is held in place on both sides. The Pacific side holds due to subduction friction along the San Andreas, and the Atlantic side holds due to the Atlantic Rift's reluctance to rip open. What changes this dynamic? When S America rolls, almost in step with the folding Pacific, it tears the Atlantic Rift on the southern side. This allows Africa freedom to move and it rolls too, dropping the Mediterranean floor above Algeria. What is holding the N American continent together has thus eased, so that when the Japan adjustments are made, there is less holding the N American continent in place than before, and the New Madrid gives way. We are also not allowed to provide the time frame between the Japan quakes and New Madrid. Other than the relationship in time between the New Madrid and the European tsunami, no time frame can be given. The sequence of events is, thus:

• a tipping Indo-Australia Plate with Indonesia sinking,
• a folding Pacific allowing S America to roll,
• a tearing of the south Atlantic Rift allowing Africa to roll and the floor of the Mediterranean to drop,
• great quakes in Japan followed by the New Madrid adjustment,
• which is followed almost instantly by the tearing of the north Atlantic Rift with consequent European tsunami.

Source: http://www.zetatalk.com/index/zeta584.htm

 

Tipping Indo-Australia Plate with Indonesia sinking,

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-23.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-24.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-25.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-26.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-28.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-30.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-31.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-32.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-34.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-37.htm

Folding Pacific

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-33.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-38.htm

http://www.zetatalk.com/info/tinfx351.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-47.htm

 

South American Roll

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-39.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-40.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-41.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-42.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-43.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-44.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-45.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-47.htm

 

African Roll

http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-46.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-47.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-48.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-52.htm

 

Japan Quakes

http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-53.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-54.htm

New Madrid

http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-59.htm

http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-60.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-61.htm

http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-62.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-63.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-64.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-65.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-68.htm

European Tsunami

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-70.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-71.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-72.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-73.htm

http://zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10-74.htm

 

Due to the slowing of the 7 of 10 plate movements by the Council of Worlds the impact of some of the events described above will be lessened.

The Zetas explain:

ZetaTalk: Pace Slowed

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Written May 19, 2012

The effect of the thousands of humming boxes placed along fault lines and plate borders can be seen in several incidents that have occurred since the start of the 7 of 10 plate movements. The lack of tsunami during the 7 of 10 sinking of the Sunda Plate is one such example. We predicted at the start of the 7 of 10 scenarios in late 2010 that the Sunda Plate sinking would occur within 2-3 weeks, yet it dragged on through 2011. At the time we had predicted tsunami on the Sunda Plate, in general equivalent in height to the loss of elevation for a coastline. None of this occurred due to the slower pace. 

The pace of mountain building in S America, where slowed, has still resulted in rumpling up and down the Andes, and stretch zone accidents likewise in lands to the east of the Andes. The shape of S America has clearly changed. Will the islands in the Caribbean be spared? At some point, as with the magnitude 7.9 quake in Acapulco on March 2, 2012 a significant adjustment will need to occur, and this will include depressing the Caribbean Plate so it tilts, sinking the islands and lands on that portion of the plate to the degree predicted. But the S American roll will likely continue to avoid the magnitude 8 quakes we originally predicted in deference to slow rumpling mountain building. The African roll was anticipated to be a silent roll in any case, so the slowed pace would not affect the outcome.

Will the slowed pace prevent the 7 of 10 scenarios for the Northern Hemisphere? Bowing of the N American continent has reached the point of pain, with breaking rock booming from coast to coast, but still there have been no significant quakes in the New Madrid area. Yet this is past due, and cannot be held back indefinitely. What has and will continue to occur for the Northern Hemisphere scenarios are silent quakes for Japan, which has already experienced drastic subduction under the north island of Hokkaido where mountain building is occurring as a rumple rather than a jolt. However, the anticipated New Madrid adjustment cannot be achieved without trauma. But this could potentially occur in steps and stages such that any European tsunami would be significantly lessened.

All rights reserved: [e-mail]

Source: http://www.zetatalk.com/7of10/7of10109.htm

 

ZetaTalk , Written March 10, 2012

 What happens when the pace of plate movement is slowed? The likelihood of tsunami is definitely reduced, as can be seen in the sinking on the Sunda Plate. The sinking occurred, and is almost complete, yet the possibility of tsunami we predicted for various regions on the Sunda Plate were avoided. The height and force of a tsunami is directly related to the degree of displacement in the sea floor, and if this happens in steps rather than all at once the displacement will be less for any given step.

This bodes well for the European tsunami. If the Council of Worlds is still imposing a slower pace on the 7 of 10 plate movements, this tsunami will definitely be lessened. The tear in the North Atlantic will be slight, each time. The amount of water pouring into this void will be less, each time. And the rebound toward the UK will likewise be less, each time. But our prediction is the worst case situation, and it also reflects what the Earth changes, unabated, would produce.

But what does a slower pace do to land masses where jolting quakes are expected? Does this reduce the overall magnitude of the quakes anticipated? Large magnitude quakes result when a catch point along plate borders is highly resistant, but snapping of rock finally results. Usually there is one place, the epicenter, where this catch point resides and a long distance along the plate border where smaller quakes have prepared the border for easy movement. A point of resistance within the body of a plate, such as the New Madrid, can likewise resist and suddenly give.

There is no way to lessen the resistance at these catch points, though the tension that accompanies such points can be reduced so that the quake itself is delayed. What this means for a slower 7 of 10 pace is that large magnitude quakes will be spread apart in time, and their relationship to our predictions thus able to be camouflaged by the establishment. Where sinking (such as the Caribbean Island of Trinidad) or spreading apart (such as to the west of the Mississippi River) are to occur, these land changes will eventually arrive. But like the sinking of the Sunda Plate, a slower pace unfortunately allows the cover-up time to maneuver and develop excuses.

All rights reserved: [e-mail]

Source: http://www.zetatalk.com/ning/10mr2012.htm

[Stanislav]

Netherlands parts sinking

1 June 2016. For a low-lying, densely populated country like the Netherlands, monitoring subsidence is critical. Until recently, tiny displacements in the ground beneath our feet couldn’t be mapped nationally but, thanks to the Sentinel-1 mission, this is now possible.

Focusing on the Netherlands and Denmark, scientists have been using radar images from the  Sentinel-1A satellite to pinpoint where the ground is stable, where it is rising and where it is sinking – and, importantly, by exactly how much. Images from November 2014 to April 2016 and 2.5 million measurement points were used to compile the map above, which shows subsidence and uplift in the northeast of the Netherlands. Most of these measurements were made around buildings and constructions such as dikes.

Remarkably, these measurements are accurate to a few millimetres. However, within a couple of years this accuracy will improve further, approaching 1 mm/year over the entire country.

Vulnerable shores

<...> The map at the top shows that some areas, particularly along the western shore of the Ijsselmeer, along the lower causeway that crosses this manmade lake, and some areas close to Groningen in the east, are sinking by as much as 20 mm a year. <...>.

Subsidence in Denmark

Understanding land deformation is important for investing in renovations. Source: esa.int

Spain parts sinking

The Valley of Guadalentin in Lorca, the deepest in Europe according to research in collaboration with the University of Alicante

Image from: Boni, R., Herrera, G., Meisina, C., Notti, D., Bejar-Pizarro, M., Zucca, F., ... & Fernandez-Merodo, J. A. (2015). Application of multi-sensor advanced DInSAR analysis to severe land subsidence recognition: Alto Guadalentin Basin (Spain).Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 372, 45.  CC Attribution 3.0 License. digital.csic.es

Guadalentin slumps at 100 milimeters per year, raising the risk of economic impact, flooding and infrastructure of the area. <...>

Researcher Roberto Tomas Jover, from the University of Alicante Polytechnic School Department of Civil Engineering warns on the risk for Spain of this land subsidence. <...>

The lifting off the ground, however, leads to other problems. Tomas Jover explains that a ground settlement over 2.5 centimetres is already a problem; another one is the fact of this settlements being irregular>> with the consequent height deviation from one facade to the other on the same building. The aforementioned study analyses the recovery of groundwater that has occurred since 2008 and then determines the cause of the land deformation.

The researcher cites the case of the church of Santa Justa and Rufina in Orihuela as an example, which had to be underpinned>> due to this problem of subsidence.

The research group with Tomas Jover as the main researchers are studying the land subsidence or progressive surface collapse in medium and lower basins of the Segura river. There are many regions affected by land subsidence in Spain, especially in southern and southeastern regions, where water demand is higher that water resources and, therefore, water shortfall is supplied with groundwater. In all cases studied, the most alarming is the Guadalentin valley in Lorca where the largest land subsidence in Europe occurs due to water extraction. In 2015, Tomas Jover and his reserach team have published the article Twenty-year advanced DInSAR analysis of severe land subsidence: the Alto Guadalentin Basin (Spain) case study on the scientific journal Engineering Geology, and they are now working on a Spanish Ministry project on this. Murcia is next with registered values up to 7 millimetres a year <...>

Other case studies being developed by this multidisciplinary team are Orihuela, with values registered of 5 millimeters per year; north of Madrid, where subsidence occurs during periods of extraction, which is almost fully recovered when pumping ceases; and parts of Barcelona, such as El Valles and Santa Perpetua de Mogoda, with maximum rates of 6-10 millimeters per year. Also, this UA expert stresses that they are collaborating with international reserach groups in Leeds, Glasgow, Newcastle (as a result of this collaboration the Beijing work was drafted), Federico II di Napoli, Florencia, Padova, Liverpool, etc., and a good number of national reserach works (Granada, UPV, UPC, UPM, Zaragoza, CSIC, Oviedo, etc.)>>. Source: web.ua.es

Greece parts sinking

Example of wide-area mapping of terrain deformations over mainland Greece. This GPS-calibrated deformation map covers 65 000 sq km – approximately half of the country’s territory. This map was created using 10 individual ERS-1/2 stacks, each stack being a time series of 58 to 76 SAR images acquired from 1992 to 2003 for a total of 671 images. © ZKI/DLR. esa.int

© ZKI/DLR esa.int

In one of its first trials, the WAP identified over a million persistent scatterers over half of Greece’s mainland. In rural areas, there was an average of 10 scatterers per sq km, while urban areas, like Athens, saw up to 200 scatterers per sq km.

Using about 360 gigabytes of raw radar data from the ERS-1 and -2 satellites, the WAP mapped terrain deformation over more than ten years, finding that some areas are sinking by about 10 mm per year.

High subsidence was detected in Athens, Larissa and around the Gulf of Corinth among other places. Both subsidence and uplift were detected in and around the city of Thessaloniki. Source: esa.int

Dead sea sinkholes

Source: haaretz.com

Yemen

[courtesy of J.M. Sholan]

Sana’a Basin Subsidence

• High coherence in the Sana’a city allows us to derive a detailed land deformation evolution from November 2003 to December 2008.
• The subsidence rate within the Sana’a city was approximately 1 cm/year in the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction between 2003 and 2008.
• The main subsidence was found in the center and southern parts of the city, while deformation in the northern part is less obvious.

• The subsidence rate here was much faster than within the city: it exceeded 14 cm/year. The local water wells have been drying up according to the well data.
• Time evolution of surface deformation and a series of profiles and points reveal spatially and temporally variable aquifer compaction

Mabar Basin Subsidence

• The subsidence rate exceeded 30 cm/year in the agricultural area north of the town of Mabar during 2007 – 2011 according to ALOS PALSAR L-band data.
• The southern part of the Mabar basin also experienced high subsidence rates, although somewhat lower than to the north – 5 cm/year.
• The seasonal fluctuations of ground deformation show that the subsidence rate in summer is faster than in winter.

Two smaller agricultural basins to the west of the Mabar basin experienced subsidence with rates of about 37 cm/year according to ALOS PALSAR amplitude range offset calculations and difference between SRTM and Tandem-X DEMs.

Two smaller agricultural basins to the west of the Mabar basin experienced subsidence with rates of about 37 cm/year according to ALOS PALSAR amplitude range offset calculations and difference between SRTM and Tandem-X DEMs

Abdullin, A., Xu, W., Kosmicki, M., & Jonsson, S. (2015, April). Rapid groundwater-related land subsidence in Yemen observed by multi-temporal InSAR. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 17, p. 13844). presentations.copernicus.org

UAE

Mountains in Masafi 'rise by 4 cm'

The Masafi earthquake on March 10 last year might have caused the mountains of east Ras Al Khaimah to uplift by up to four centimetres, according to geoscientists.
Studies conducted by scientists from the Petroleum Institute in Abu Dhabi and the Japan Oil Development Company showed that the Masafi earthquake had caused the Musandam mountain area of east Ras Al Khaimah to uplift by up to four centimetres while the Musandam peninsula in the Khasab area went down by up to three centimetres, said Dr Karl Berteussen, acting director of Petroleum Geosciences Engineering at the Petroleum Institute. Source: gulfnews.com

South America Roll

Chilean earthquake moved entire city 10 feet west, shifted other parts of South America

8 March, 2010.

The massive magnitude 8.8 earthquake that struck the west coast of Chile last month moved the entire city of Concepcion at least 10 feet to the west, and shifted other parts of South America as far apart as the Falkland Islands and Fortaleza, Brazil. These preliminary measurements, done by researchers including geophysicists on the ground in Chile, paint a much clearer picture of the power behind this temblor, believed to be the fifth-most-powerful since instruments have been available to measure seismic shifts. unavco.org

This is the preliminary solution obtained by Project CAP (Central and Southern Andes GPS Project) for the coseismic displacement field associated with the recent M 8.8 Maule earthquake in south-central Chile. Peak measured displacement is 3.04 m near the city of Concepcion, Chile. Significant displacements are evident as far east as Buenos Aires, Argentina (2-4 cm) and as far north as the Chilean border with Peru.

The massive magnitude 8.8 earthquake that struck the west coast of Chile last month moved the entire city of Concepcion at least 10 feet to the west, and shifted other parts of South America as far apart as the Falkland Islands and Fortaleza, Brazil.

These preliminary measurements, produced from data gathered by researchers from four universities and several agencies, including geophysicists on the ground in Chile, paint a much clearer picture of the power behind this temblor, believed to be the fifth-most-powerful since instruments have been available to measure seismic shifts.

Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina and across the continent from the quake's epicenter, moved about 1 inch to the west. And Chile's capital, Santiago, moved about 11 inches to the west-southwest. The cities of Valparaiso and Mendoza, Argentina, northeast of Concepcion, also moved significantly.

The quake's epicenter was in a region of South America that's part of the so-called "ring of fire," an area of major seismic stresses which encircles the Pacific Ocean. All along this line, the tectonic plates on which the continents move press against each other at fault zones.

The February Chilean quake occurred where the Nazca tectonic plate was squeezed under, or "subducted," below the adjacent South American plate. Quakes routinely relieve pent-up geologic pressures in these convergence zones. Source: sciencedaily.com

Venezuela, Bogota

Bogota lose 80 cm, Source: sideshow.jpl.nasa.go

[Stanislav]

Bangladesh

BanD-AID: Mitigating Bangladesh Delta Coastal Vulnerability Due to Sea-level Ruse, & Integrated Naturak & Social Framework
C.K.Shum (1), Craug Jenkins (1), Monowar Hossain 8, Zahir Khan 8, Jurgen Kusche 2, R.Ahmed 3, V.Ballu 4, A.Bernzen 5, B.Braun 5, S.Calmant 6, J.Chen 1, J. Guo, F. Hossain, M Kuhn, F.Papa, P.Valty, L.Testut, K.H. Tseng, and the rest of the Belmont Forum BanD-AID Project Team belmontforum.org

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Rates of subsidence recorded from the literature for the GBM delta and parts of the interior of the basin

Source: S. Brown , R.J. Nicholls (2015) Subsidence and human influences in mega deltas: The case of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna; (Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, United Kingdom) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.124  Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). eprints.soton.ac.uk

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The DELTAS project will work toward a science-based GBM-customized integrative modeling framework which will be implement, in collaboration with regional experts, to assess delta vulnerability to current and future conditions and guide sustainable management and policy.  At the heart of the GBM sustainability lies the question of how patterns of flooding and sediment aggradation offset delta sinking due to rising sea level and subsidence. This is a first order question to sustainability of the landscape, regardless of land use and management decisions. For the GBM delta specifically, the immense population and associated pressures on natural resources brings to the forefront the question of how environmental changes are affecting the socio-ecosystem services in coastal Bangladesh. The integrated assessment of these circumstances will aim to reveal whether there are management alternatives that will more effectively sustain ecosystem services, and populations and their livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Source: delta.umn.edu

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Floods: Holding back the tide
With the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta sinking, the race is on to protect millions of people from future flooding.

Sources: Satellite: Ref. 1; Temples: M. H. Sarker; GPS: M. Steckler; Tide: Ref. 2; Kilns: Ref. 3; Salt: Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009; Schiermeier, Q. (2014). Holding back the tide. Nature, 508(164166), 5. nature.com

In the wake of Cyclone Aila in 2009, swollen seas washed over the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The storm surge breached the embankments surrounding a small island that was home to 10,000 families, turning the land into a muddy hell. The deluge of salty water washed out fields, homes, roads and markets just as people had begun to recover from the damage caused 18 months before by Cyclone Sidr. Many migrated to nearby cities. And thousands more took shelter on what remained of the embankments, where lack of sanitation and privacy would soon spur disease and crime.
When Steven Goodbred, an Earth and environmental researcher at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, came across this site during a field trip in 2011, he and his students were shocked to find the land still badly flooded and thousands of families living in tents and ramshackle huts. The broken embankments had been poorly repaired and the homesteads that they were supposed to protect remained uninhabitable. “It looked as desolate as the Moon — mud everywhere,” says Goodbred. “I'd never seen anything like it.” He made it his mission to determine how the embankments around the island, called Polder 32 after the Dutch word for land protected by dikes, had been eroded and undermined enough for a relatively small storm to wreak such havoc.
<...> That only adds to bigger problems in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta, which is sinking so rapidly that the local, relative sea level may be rising by up to 2 centimetres each year. And Bangladesh's population of more than 150 million people is projected to grow by a further 50 million by 2050, putting more people in harm's way.
<...>
For subsidence rates in Bangladesh, he says, “depending on how and where you measure, you might get 15 different values”.
Things are dramatically different between the west and east sides of the delta, for example. Over the past several centuries, geological forces and erosion have shifted the lower stretch of the Ganges steadily to the east, leaving the western parts of the delta especially starved of sediment. That makes the southwest particularly vulnerable to both seawater flooding and intrusion of salt into groundwater, which can make the water unfit to drink.
<..>
Syvitski's work with satellite data1 suggests that the delta is sinking below sea level by between 8 and 18 millimetres per year. But those numbers need to be checked against ground-based measurements — which are now on the way. Michael Steckler, a geologist at Columbia University's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York, has been installing a network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to monitor subsidence since 2003. He currently maintains around 20 sites, including one established on Polder 32 last year. So far, the results suggest subsidence rates of some 9 millimetres per year in the southwest, and just 2–4 in the southeast. But the sites are still few and far between, and there are not many in the most vulnerable locations.
<...> Tide-gauge records from three locations in the southwest suggest a mean rate of relative sea-level rise of about 5 millimetres per year over the past 30 years, but some local spots have experienced an average annual high-water-level increase of 15–20 millimetres.

Source: Schiermeier, Q. (2014). Holding back the tide. Nature, 508(164166), 5. nature.com

‘Sunderbans sea level rising at an ‘alarming’ rate’

31 March, 2015. The sea level in the Sundarbans is rising at an “alarming” level, endangering the habitation, said a World Bank report.

The report stated that the sea level could witness an estimated 3 to 8 mm rise per year and mainly attributed it to land subsidence caused by various natural and anthropogenic processes, NDTV reports on its online site.

The report, titled “Building Resilience for Sustainable Development of the Sunderbans - Strategy Report” said, “Parts of the coast in the south were rising because of uplift which illustrates that impacts were not homogeneous and differ according to varying geological processes.” Source: en.prothom-alo.com

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Malaysia

Vertical land motion trend colour map derived from GPS data over Peninsular Malaysia and, Sabah and Sarawak. Units are in mm/yr. 1999-2011

Source: Jebur, M. N., Pradhan, B., & Tehrany, M. S. (2014). Detection of vertical slope movement in highly vegetated tropical area of Gunung pass landslide, Malaysia, using L-band InSAR technique. Geosciences Journal, 18(1), 61-68. researchgate.net

Indonesia

.How accurate a guide are the current elevation maps provided by Google and GPS? If they reflect land that lies on solid rock, on a plate that will remain level and not tilt, accurate enough. But as we have explained, Java and Sumatra are land that is rubble, scrapped up as the plate tongue has been pushed down in the past. It is an illusion of solid land when rubble can jumble and toss. The placement of Jakarta in the past involved some logic, as tests were made to determine if the rock beneath could sustain buildings. But sinking is occurring there, not admitted in the press. At some point the airport will become unusable. In addition to the issue of solid rock vs jumble, there is the issue of the accordion folding of the plate tongue. Some parts will rise, others sink, and this will not be an even process nor even predictable. Thus Google will not be a certain guide to what lands will sink or stay above the waves.

ZetaTalk Chat Q&A for January 22, 2011

Yellow, red area sinking. Yellow areas 4-2 cm/year sinking

Chaussard, E., Amelung, F., Abidin, H., & Hong, S. H. (2013). Sinking cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR detects rapid subsidence due to groundwater and gas extraction. Remote Sensing of Environment, 128, 150 161. estellechaussard.com

[1] 8 June, 2016. Hundreds of Houses in Probolinggo Awash Flood Rob. Source: news.merahputih.com

[2] 9 December, 2012. Anticipate Flood Rob. Source: jumbojade17.blogspot.ru

[3] 31 May, 2013. Rob seawater flooding in the port of Semarang. Source: twitter.com

[4] 7 June, 2016. Tidal flood in the Port of Muara Baru Source: foto.okezone.com

[5] 8 September, 2015. Flood Rob Still a Major Problems in Semarang Source: 100rcsemarang.org

[6] 20 June, 2016. semarang.bisnis.com

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Land subsidence magnitudes as derived by GPS surveys from 1998 to 2014 (Wibowo, 2014).

Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., & Wibowo, I. R. R. (2015). On correlation between urban development, land subsidence and flooding phenomena in Jakarta. Proceedings of IAHS, 370, 15-20. CC Attribution 3.0 License

Impacts of land subsidence on flooding phenomena.

Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., & Wibowo, I. R. R. (2015). On correlation between urban development, land subsidence and flooding phenomena in Jakarta. Proceedings of IAHS, 370, 15-20. CC Attribution 3.0 License

Source: slideshare.net

Source: slideshare.net

Source: slideshare.net

[Stanislav]

Philippines 

This handout photo taken on August 8, 2012 and released by the Department of National Defense (DND) shows an aerial shot of floodings around Malabon town, suburban Manila. More than a million people in and around the Philippine capital battled deadly floods August 8, as more monsoon rain fell, with neck-deep waters trapping both slum dwellers and the wealthy on rooftops. AFP PHOTO/DND. Source: newsinfo.inquirer.net

Results of DInSAR and InSAR time series analysis by using ENVISAT/ASAR, ALOS/PALSAR and TerraSAR-X data.

Deguchi, T. (2014, October). Deformation monitoring in the metro Manila using ALOS/PALSAR. In SPIE Remote Sensing (pp. 924315-924315). International Society for Optics and Photonics. a-a-r-s.org

Profile of surface displacement in line of sight

Source: Deguchi, T. (2014, October). Deformation monitoring in the metro Manila using ALOS/PALSAR. In SPIE Remote Sensing (pp. 924315-924315). International Society for Optics and Photonics. a-a-r-s.org

Taiwan

Land subsidence occurs in municipalities and counties throughout Taiwan, including Taipei and Yilan in the north, and Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, and Pingdong in Central and Southern Taiwan as shown on Map. Maximal subsidence ranges from 1.2 m to 3.2 m, affecting an area of 2000 km2. The most severely affected areas are located in Yunlin County. Their effects include dike failures, seawater encroachment in coastal aquifers, coastal inundation, and salinity intrusion.

Distribution of land subsidence in Taiwan from 1972 to 2012 (adapted from the Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan).

Source: Hsu, W. C., Chang, H. C., Chang, K. T., Lin, E. K., Liu, J. K., & Liou, Y. A. (2015). Observing Land Subsidence and Revealing the Factors That Influence It Using a Multi-Sensor Approach in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Remote Sensing, 7(6), 8202-8223. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

Cumulative land subsidence obtained by leveling data in Yunlin County from 1992 to 2013. The figure shows various time spans of cumulative land subsidence from (a–g): (a) 1992–1999; (b) 1992–2003; (c) 1992–2005; (d) 1992–2007; (e) 1992–2009; (f) 1992–2011; (g) 1992–2013.

Source: Hsu, W. C., Chang, H. C., Chang, K. T., Lin, E. K., Liu, J. K., & Liou, Y. A. (2015). Observing Land Subsidence and Revealing the Factors That Influence It Using a Multi-Sensor Approach in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Remote Sensing, 7(6), 8202-8223. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

(a) SAR mean LOS velocity map from 2007 to 2010; (b) raster map interpolated from (a)

Source: Hsu, W. C., Chang, H. C., Chang, K. T., Lin, E. K., Liu, J. K., & Liou, Y. A. (2015). Observing Land Subsidence and Revealing the Factors That Influence It Using a Multi-Sensor Approach in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Remote Sensing, 7(6), 8202-8223. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

Taiwan Continuous GPS Data Analysis and a Study on Earthquake Precursor Detection (PI: Yu, Shui-Beih) Source: earth.sinica.edu.tw

Cumulative subsidence derive from leveling over 1992–2013. 

Source: Hung, W. C., Wang, C., Hwang, C., Chen, Y. A., Chiu, H. C., & Lin, S. H. (2015). Multiple sensors applied to monitorland subsidence in Central Taiwan.Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 372, 385-391. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

(a) Distributions of continuous GPS stations in CRAF (b) Vertical displacement rate from GPS over April 2010–April 2011

Source: Hung, W. C., Wang, C., Hwang, C., Chen, Y. A., Chiu, H. C., & Lin, S. H. (2015). Multiple sensors applied to monitorland subsidence in Central Taiwan.Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 372, 385-391. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

Vertical displacement rate from TCPINSAR over 2007–2011. 

Source: Hung, W. C., Wang, C., Hwang, C., Chen, Y. A., Chiu, H. C., & Lin, S. H. (2015). Multiple sensors applied to monitorland subsidence in Central Taiwan.Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 372, 385-391. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

Vietnam

Maximum rate of hydraulic head decline (i.e., drawdown) among aquifers, interpolated from monitoring well data. Well locations are labeled alphabetically. (B). Compaction-based subsidence rates, interpolated from calculations at well locations. Subsidence is a function of both head decline and clay thickness. Dashed lines are interpreted outside of area of data coverage. (C). InSAR-based line of sight rates of land subsidence. Data © JAXA, METI 2011. All rates in panels A–C are annual averages over the period 2006–10.

Source: Erban, L. E., Gorelick, S. M., & Zebker, H. A. (2014). Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Research Letters, 9(8), 084010. 

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Hanoi, Vietnam

Source: en.wikipedia.org

(A) Averaged 2007 – 2009 LOS velocity map of nearly full Hanoi area, overlaying the topographic map of Hanoi.

(B) LOS deforming map of urban districts near the Red River and West Lake (Tay Ho).

(C) Land subsidence map of western Tu Liem and Eastern Hoai Duc, PS X and Y are two reference points to measure temporal evolution in Section 3.

(D) Land subsidence map of Ha Dong and southern Thanh Xuan.

(E) Land subsidence map of Hoang Mai.

(F) Land subsidence map of Luong Son.

(G) Ground deformation map of My Duc.

This study has presented the short-term ground deformation of nearly-full area of Hanoi, mapped by an ALOS PALSAR stack between 2007 and 2009. By using advanced InSAR time series technique, various subsidence areas were located and discussed, especially new subsidence region that has never been studied before in Luong Son and My Duc districts. For those deforming area in the center of the city, the results show great agreements with previous studies, confirming the subsidence rate of surrounding urban area including Hoang Mai, Ha Dong and Tu Liem is at high level (over 40 mm/year). Temporal evolution analysis was also performed to confirm the consistent of the results.

Le, S. T., & Chang, C. P. (2015, October). Surface deformation assessments in Hanoi, Vietnam using ALOS PALSAR interferometry. In Proceedings of the 36th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS 2015), Manila, Philippines (pp. 19-23).

North Vietnam

(A) Map of South East Asia fault zone; (B) Tectonic structures and fault zones in northern Vietnam (modified after Zuchiewicz et al., 2013). Song stands for river, FZ: fault zone.

The coverage and the average displacement velocities of the RRFZ from the boundary between Vietnam and China (Lao Cai) to the area nearby Ha Noi (Phu Tho), overlaying northern Vietnam topography map. Dark brown lines represent Red and Chay river fault.

(A)

(B)

(C) 

(A) Averaged surface deformation map of RRFZ in Lao Cai area. The dark lines present faults system. LOS velocity ranged from -60 to 60 mm per year. (B) Averaged surface deformation map of RRFZ near Yen Bai city. (C) Averaged surface deformation map of RRFZ near Viet Tri city

Nguyen, Xuan Thi; Chang, Chung-Pai  (2015) MAPPING SURFACE DEFORMATION IN RED RIVER FAULT ZONE USING SPACEBORNE SAR INTERFEROMETRY In Proceedings of the 36th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS 2015), Manila, Philippines 

The vertical displacement history from 2006 to 2010. Positive velocities (blue colors) represent uplift; negative velocities (red colors) represent subsidence. The background is the average backscatter ALOS PALSAR data. 

The average velocity trend from 2006 to 2010. Positive velocities (blue colors) represent movement uplift; negative velocities (red colors) represent movement subsidence.  

Minh, D. H. T., Van Trung, L., & Toan, T. L. (2015). Mapping ground subsidence phenomena in Ho Chi Minh City through the radar interferometry technique using ALOS PALSAR data. Remote Sensing, 7(7), 8543-8562. Source: mdpi.com

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Averaged vertical subsidence velocity in urban region of Hanoi issued from InSAR processing for the period February 2007–February 2011

Dang, V. K., Doubre, C., Weber, C., Gourmelen, N., & Masson, F. (2014). Recent land subsidence caused by the rapid urban development in the Hanoi region (Vietnam) using ALOS InSAR data. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci, 14, 657-674. CC Attribution 3.0 License. nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net

Each year, Ca Mau sinks by 1.71 cm

Dr. Do Van Linh, Deputy Head of the Southern Region Geological Mapping Federation, said the deepest subsidence in Ca Mau was measured 1.71 cm a year, while the average subsidence due to groundwater exploitation was about 0.35 cm a year.

There are three reasons for this situation: subsidence due to young sediment and water exploitation, and by tectonic movements. This trend will continue in the coming years.

If the exploited water volume is divided for the total area of Ca Mau province (approximately 4,350 km2), the speed of subsidence is 1.9 to 2.8 cm a year. If the area of Ca Mau province is 5,300 km2 instead of 4,350 km2, the subsidence rate is 1.56 to 2.30 cm a year. Source: talkvietnam.com

Flooded Saigon - what are the causes?

26 September, 2016. <...> Many sunken areas have subsided as the silt foundation was suppressed by millions of tons of reinforced concrete, brick, mortar, and stone. In Thao Dien, District 2, in the 10 years from 1997 to 2007, subsidence was recorded of about 5cm - 7cm per year in some locations. Since then, flooding caused by high tides has occurred in the city’s low-lying areas. Source: english.vietnamnet.vn

Thailand

Study area

"The application of the technique on 10 Radarsat-1 satellite images covering the eastern coast of the inner Gulf of Thailand reveal fast subsidence in many areas, particularly at Golf course, Mueang Chon buri, Laem Chabang deep-sea port and Cape Sa-Mae-Saan."

Aobpaet A; Trisirisatayawong I; Hooper A (2011) Coastal zone deformation over eastern inner Gulf of Thailand using multi-temporal InSAR method, 32nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2011, ACRS 2011, 1, pp.120-125.  a-a-r-s.org

Bangkok

Source: bangkokpost.com

Australia

The Perth metropolitan region is subsiding, research suggests

Source: travelieu.com

21 October, 2015. Curtin University research indicates that large parts of the Perth Basin are subsiding due to groundwater extraction, which could make parts of Perth more vulnerable to the effects of rising sea levels.

Professor Will Featherstone and Dr Mick Filmer, from Curtin’s Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) and the WA School of Mines Department of Spatial Sciences, completed the research as part of Australian Research Council grants issued to study subsidence in the Perth Basin, its effect on heights and how it impacts sea level change recorded by tide gauges. news.curtin.edu.au

Scientist warns Perth basin is subsiding

17 October, 2007. One of Australia's leading scientists says the subsidence of the Perth basin could have long term consequences for building and the supply of services to the city. Source: abc.net

[SongStar101]

Massive and Mysterious Ice Fall in Tibet (Largest/Fastest Glacier movement ever recorded)

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=88677&src=twi...

On July 17, 2016, a huge stream of ice and rock tumbled down a narrow valley in the Aru Range of Tibet. When the ice stopped moving, it had spread a pile of debris that was up to 30 meters (98 feet) thick across 10 square kilometers (4 square miles). Nine people, 350 sheep, and 110 yaks in the remote village of Dungru were killed during the avalanche.

The massive debris field makes this one of the largest ice avalanches ever recorded. The only event of a comparable size was a 2002 avalanche from Kolka Glacier in in the Caucasus , explained Andreas Kääb, a glaciologist at the University of Oslo.

A multispectral imager on the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellite captured an image of the debris field on July 21, 2016. The Operational Land Imager, a similar instrument on Landsat 8, acquired an image on June 24, 2016, that shows the same area before the avalanche.

The cause of the avalanche is unclear. “This is new territory scientifically,” said Kääb. “It is unknown why an entire glacier tongue would shear off like this. We would not have thought this was even possible before Kolka happened.”

Kääb’s preliminary analysis of satellite imagery indicates that the glacier showed signs of change weeks before the avalanche happened. Normally, such signs would be clues the glacier might be in the process of surging, but surging glaciers typically flow at a fairly slow rate rather than collapsing violently in an avalanche.

After inspecting the satellite imagery, University of Arizona glaciologist Jeffrey Kargel agreed that a surging glacier could not be the cause. “The form is completely wrong,” he said. “It must be a high-energy mass flow. Maybe liquid water lubrication at the base played some role,” he said.

Tian Lide, a glaciologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, described the avalanche as “baffling” because the area where the ice collapse began is rather flat. “My team failed to reach the upper part of the glacier for safety reasons,” he said in an email, “but we will go the upper part [later] to see if we can find some more hints about what caused the glacier disaster.”

Google Maps

[SongStar101]

Hundreds of deep-sea vents found spewing methane off US coast

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2109698-hundreds-of-deep-sea-v...

Methane is gushing forth from hundreds of newly-discovered deep-sea vents all along the US’s western seaboard.

“It appears that the entire coast off Washington, Oregon and California is a giant methane seep,” says Robert Ballard, founder and director of the Ocean Exploration Trust in Connecticut.

In all, 500 new seeps were discovered by submersibles operated from the trust’s ship, Nautilus (see video below). The discovery will be presented this week in New York at the National Ocean Exploration Forum.

However, there’s still work to be done to pin down the exact composition of the bubbles coming from the seeps. “Members of our group are analysing the samples taken in June for a wide range of gases,” says Robert Embley, chief scientist on the Nautilus.

Embley says that previous samples from similar sites were mostly methane, but methane hydrate – made from water and methane – can form too.

Methane has the potential to accelerate global warming because it traps heat 40 times as effectively as carbon dioxide. Knowing how much is gushing out of the seeps and what amount makes it into the atmosphere should enable estimates of their impact on global warming in the future.

“The first step to finding out is getting a baseline of what’s coming out of the seafloor at present,” says Embley.

The team thinks it is likely that they will find yet more seeps on the seafloor off the eastern US. “We hope there will be opportunities for more mapping in the next couple of field seasons to get a more complete baseline of sites,” says Embley.

[Kojima]

* Monitoring of Ground Motion in REV

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/index.html

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/stations.html

[African Roll and Mediterranean Drop]

GE.EIL: GEOFON Station Eilat, Israel; 29.67 N, 34.95 E 

[2016/09/26 - 09/28]

See also a comment by me on June 23 - Station GE.EIL; REV chart [2016/06/01 -06/22]

[Kojima]

* Monitoring of Ground Motion in REV

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/index.html

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/stations.html

[South American Roll]

IU.OTAV; Otavalo, Ecuador; 0.24 N, 78.45 W

[2016/09/15 -09/28]

[Kojima]

* Monitoring of Ground Motion in REV

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/index.html

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/stations.html

[Tipping Indo-Australia Plate]

II.NIL; Nilore, Pakistan; 33.65 N, 73.27 E

[2016/09/06 - 09/28]

[Kojima]

* Monitoring of Ground Motion in REV

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/index.html

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/stations.html

[Atlantic Rips]

II.SACV: Santiago Island, Cape Verde; 14.97 N, 23.61 W

[2016/09/03 - 09/12]

[Kojima]

* Monitoring of Ground Motion in REV

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/index.html

http://rev.seis.sc.edu/stations.html

[Tipping Indo-Australia Plate]

AU.KMBL: Kambalda, Western Australia; 31.37 S, 121.88 E

[2016/08/04 - 09/12]