Orange alert for Kick Em Jenny volcano as activities increase 12 March 2018

An Orange alert has been issued for the Kick Em Jenny Volcano due to heightened activity.

Grenada's National Disaster Management Agency (NaDMA) through the technical support provided by the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Center in Port-of –Spain, Trinidad issued an advisory on Tuesday indicating that the alert level has been raised from Yellow to Orange.

The statement said that with this increase in the alert level, ships and other marine operators are asked to observe the exclusion zone of 5 km/3.1miles.

NaDMA in collaboration with the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Center will continue to monitor the activities of Kick em’ Jenny and will update the public as necessary, the release said.

Source: http://www.looptt.com/content/orange-alert-kick-em-jenny-volcano-ac...

From December 2017 article

http://www.newsweek.com/rising-blob-hot-rock-could-mean-volcano-for...

If the Hot Rock Swelling Under New England Is a Volcano, the Region Is Less Stable Than Scientists Thought

Is New England about to blow? A rising blob of hot rock recently detected under Vermont suggests the region might not be as stable as scientists once thought.

Scientists from Rutgers University found evidence that heated rock is swelling underneath the Appalachian mountains—which could mean a new volcano is forming. The rising blob is the smaller and slower cousin of magma pockets that geologists have observed under well-established volcanoes, according to National Geographic. The research was published in a new paper in the scientific journal Geology.

Fortunately any such volcano will not blow any time soon. The researchers collected the data using the National Science Foundation's EarthScope program, which monitors the North American continent for seismic activity. If the data prove accurate, geologists are going to have to re-evaluate a few things—maybe New England isn't as stable as everyone assumed after all.

“Our study challenges the established notion of how the continents on which we live behave,” lead author Vadim Levin of Rutgers’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences told Rutgers University. “It challenges the textbook concepts taught in introductory geology classes.”

New eruption starts at Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion

 A new effusive eruption started at Piton de La Fournaise volcano in Reunion at 06:40 UTC on April 3, 2018. The Alert Level was raised to 2-2 and the Aviation Color Code to Orange.

In its latest bulletin issued April 1, 2018, OVPF said that seismicity at the volcano showed an increase during the last fortnight of February. Subsequently, volcano-tectonic activity was observed under the volcano, with an average of 4 earthquakes per day, and two peaks of activity on March 28 and 31, while the inflation of the volcanic edifice continued throughout March.

The Piton de la Fournaise observatory said their records show an increase in the number of earthquakes and persistent deformations at the top of the volcano starting at 01:50 UTC (05:50 local time) today.

Under these conditions, the Reunion prefect declared Alert 1 "eruption probable or imminent," restricting public access to the upper part of the volcano. In addition, the Journal de l’Ile indicates that the evacuation of the Enclos is in progress.

The volcano started erupting at 06:40 UTC today, on the north flank near the Nez Coupé de Sainte-Rose. The Alert Level was raised to 2-2 and the Aviation Color Code to Orange.."

Source:

 https://watchers.news/2018/04/03/new-eruption-starts-at-piton-de-la...

~

Japan Volcano Erupts After 250 Years (Apr 19) 

Mount Ioyama, a volcano that is part of the Kirishima mountain range, erupted at 3:39 p.m. on April 19 for the first time in 250 years, spewing grayish smoke high in the air.

The Japan Meteorological Agency raised the alert level to 3 of the country’s 5-level scale to keep people from the 1,317-meter mountain, cautioning against falling rocks and pyroclastic flows from the volcano within a 2-kilometer range.

The alert level prior to the recent eruption was 2, in which access to the area around the volcanic vents was prohibited.

The Kirishima mountain range straddles Miyazaki and Kagoshima prefectures on the main island of Kyushu.

The eruption of Mount Ioyama was the latest in a series of volcano eruptions in the mountain range.

The last time the eruption of Mount Ioyama was recorded was in 1768, according to the agency’s Fukuoka Regional Headquarters.

The agency raised the warning level to 2 in February, citing volcanic activity.

It marked the first time the agency has raised the alert level to 3 for the mountain.

Source

www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201804190062.html

http://strangesounds.org/2018/04/island-of-no-return-vanuatu-evacua...

Thousands of south Pacific islanders at the mercy of an active volcano will be permanently relocated by the end of May, the Vanuatu government has said. Ash as deep as 30cm has already settled on many parts of the island, and people are experiencing breathing difficulties, skin reactions and illnesses such as chest infections as they waited to leave. Islanders are frightened and can not wait to get away.

Island of no return: Vanuatu evacuates entire population of volcanic Ambae covered in ash.

Ambae Island is home to 11,000 people, and for the second time in six months Ambae’s Manaro volcano on top of Mount Lombenben has started rumbling, spewing torrents of ash and gas from its crater and burying vegetable plots and crops, causing breathing and health problems for locals, and threatening their lives and livelihoods.

People living in the north, west and south of the island are worst affected by the ash and began being evacuated on Thursday after a state of emergency was declared on Tuesday.

Island of no return: Vanuatu evacuates entire population of volcanic Ambae covered in ash

One Ambae resident, Nadia Kanegai, said islanders were frightened and could not wait to get away.

Island of no return: Vanuatu evacuates entire population of volcanic Ambae covered in ash

“The ashfall, like part of west Aambae was covered and it was dark [because] of the smoke and the population there was remaining inside and could not come outside. And there was a gas emission as well. So the people are scared.”

Island of no return: Vanuatu evacuates entire population of volcanic Ambae covered in ash

A local priest said the situation was “desperate” for locals as food supplies and animal feed were beginning to run out, water was contaminated by ash and disease was spreading among the evacuees, most of whom are subsistence farmers.

Island of no return: Vanuatu evacuates entire population of volcanic Ambae covered in ash

Police and some aid agencies are already in place, with the army expected to arrive later this week to orchestrate the mass evacuation which this times looks to be permanent.

“In times like these, it is always the vulnerable sections of our communities being the women, the children and the elderly, that are most affected,” Avio Roberts, national coordinator for the Vanua’aku party.

Negotiations are under way between landowners and central government to acquire land for Ambae evacuees on either Maewo or Pentecost – the two closest islands to Ambae, but a safe distance from the volcano, which is one of the most active in the world.

“People’s lives must be our first priority,” said prime minister Charlot Salwai during the October evacuation, in which planes, ships and barges were used in the DIY effort.

Vanuatu is no stranger to natural disasters, and the the south Pacific nation was rated the most at-risk country in the world in a 2016 UN study.

Its 83 islands are stuck in the middle of hurricane alley and they dot the border of the “ring of fire” – a belt around the Pacific prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

The Australian government provided AU$3.2m to support early recovery efforts for those affected by the Ambae volcano last year, and is ready to give further assistance. The New Zealand government has provided more than NZ$1.5m in assistance, as well as technical support and relief supplies.

Ten thousand told to evacuate their homes as Hawaii's Kilauea volcano spews lava into towns and cracks streets in half after more than 250 quakes rocked the Big Island in scary seismic explosion

• Warning sirens sounded across the Big Island on Thursday after lava began spewing from Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano
• Hawaii County Civil Defense urged the 10,000 residents of Leilani Estates, in Puna, to flee the approaching lava streams
• Resident Ikaika Marzo said he saw 'fountains of lava' shooting 150 feet in the air and molten lava spreading down Mohala Street in Leilani Estates
•  Thick smoke was also seen rising from the Puu Oo vent on Kilauea
• Eruption comes after multiple earthquakes rocked the Puna district 
• The American Red Cross of Hawaii has opened an emergency shelter at Pahoa Community Center for evacuating residents

Ten thousand Hawaii residents have been ordered to evacuate their homes after the island's Kilauea volcano began spewing lava.  

Warning sirens sounded across the Big Island on Thursday as Hawaii County Civil Defense urged residents of Leilani Estates, in Puna, to flee the approaching lava streams. 

Lower Puna resident Ikaika Marzo told the Honolulu Star Advertiser that he saw 'fountains of lava' shooting 150 feet in the air and molten lava spreading down Mohala Street in Leilani Estates.

'It sounds like a jet engine. It's going hard,' he said. 'There are a lot of elderly people who need help to get their stuff out,' Marzo said.

Thick smoke was also seen rising from the Puu Oo vent on Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano.

A fiery wall of lava is seen at the end of a street in Leilani Estates where authorities have ordered residents to evacuate

The American Red Cross of Hawaii has opened an emergency shelter at Pahoa Community Center for evacuating residents.

The eruption comes after multiple earthquakes rocked the Puna district in recent days. The crater floor of the Puu Oo vent collapsed during the tremors, earlier this week, which sent lava flowing ten miles down the mountain towards the community on the southeast coastline.

The U.S. Geological Survey says new ground cracks were reported Thursday afternoon. Hot vapor emerged from a crack and spattering lava began to erupt. 

Hawaii County Civil Defense said a mandatory evacuation is in effect for residents in Leilani Estates, from Luana Street to Mohala Street, stretching to the end of Leilani Avenue and Pohoiki Road.

Hawaii's Kilauea volcano erupts, releasing red lava into a residential neighborhood and prompts mandatory evacuation orders for nearby homes

Officials said that people coming to the emergency shelters should bring their 'emergency evacuation supply kit including necessary medicine, food, and necessary items.' 

Hawaii County Civil Defense officials say they are 'high alert on a 24-hour basis for the possibility of a volcanic eruption in the lower Puna area.' 

Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5689799/Evacuations-ordered...

Alaskan volcano's threat level raised to orange after explosion

May 5, 2018

https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/05/us/alaska-volcano/index.html

CNN)An explosion at an Alaskan volcano has prompted authorities to raise its threat level to orange.

Local seismic and infrasound sensors recorded the small explosion Friday night at Mount Cleveland, which is in the Aleutian Island range southwest of mainland Alaska, the Alaska Volcano Observatory said.

The explosion produced a small ash cloud reaching up to 22,000 ft above sea level, the observatory said an aviation advisory.
"Explosions from Cleveland typically produce relatively small volcanic ash clouds that dissipate within hours; however, more significant ash emissions are possible," it said.

A few small earthquakes were also recorded at the volcano during the previous several days.
An orange alert means the volcano is "exhibiting heightened or escalating unrest" according to the AVO

Hawaii : VIDEO: 10 pm Eruption Update – 230 ft. High Lava Fountains On Luana St.

http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/05/05/10-pm-eruption-update-...

Hawaii's Kilauea volcano erupts from summit, shooting ash

 https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/hawaii-s-kilauea-volcano-erupt...

 Hawaii's Kilauea volcano erupted from its summit before dawn Thursday (May 17), shooting a dusty plume of ash about 30,000 feet into the sky.

The explosion came at about 6 a.m. local time (12 p.m. ET) after two weeks of volcanic activity and the opening of more than a dozen fissures east of the crater that spewed lava into neighborhoods, said Mike Poland, a geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey.

View image on Twitter

Hawaii volcano erupts, spews ash 6 miles into the sky

".. An Ashfall Advisory means that ash accumulation of less than one quarter inch is expected on boats. It is recommended that vessels be prepared to take appropriate counter measures before putting to sea or entering the advisory area.

Two weeks after a series of cracks began opening beneath the area, the lava from Kilauea is showing no sign of stopping. Wednesday afternoon, open pits or "vents" of lava roared and threw cinder-like ash into the surrounding jungle, igniting smoldering forest fires.

The lava seeping from Kilauea has forced the evacuation of nearly 2,000 people. More than two dozen homes have been destroyed in the rural Leilani Estates neighborhood area about 35 miles from Hilo, the island’s largest city.

The volcano is in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which has been closed since May 11..."

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/05/17/hawaii-volcan...

Situation at Kilauea Volcano ‘steadily worsening’ (May 20) 

Kilauea Volcano has been spewing lava and belching hazardous gases on Hawaii’s Big Island since early May, and the BBC reported on Sunday, May 20, 2018, that the situation for residents is “steadily worsening.”

At the summit, a large explosion happened at around midnight on Friday night (May 18) into Saturday, sending a plume of volcanic gas some 10,000 feet (two miles, or 3 km) into the air. Early in the day on May 20, media outlets were reporting the first serious injury from Kilauea. 

The injured man was sitting on a balcony at his home when “lava spatter” – projectile molten rock – landed on him. “It hit him on the shin and shattered everything there down on his leg,” a spokeswoman for the county mayor said.

Lava spatters can weigh “as much a refrigerator,” she told Reuters.

The man has reportedly been hospitalized with serious injuries.

In the meantime, on Saturday night, May 19, Hawaii Civil Defense confirmed that lava from Kilauea’s Fissure 20 had entered the ocean, creating conditions for toxic laze. Laze is what happens when molten lava hits sea water; a chemical reaction creates “hazy and noxious conditions” laced with hydrochloric acid and tiny particles of glass. USGS said:

Even the wispy edges of it can cause skin and eye irritation and breathing difficulties.

Eruption of lava and ground cracking in the area of Leilani Estates subdivision continues. Beginning yesterday and into today, the rate of lava eruption has increased. Fissure 17 is weakly active now, and Fissures 16-20 have merged into a continuous line of spatter and fountaining. Flows from the consolidated Fissure 20 crossed upper Pohoiki road late yesterday afternoon and continued flowing southward. This afternoon two flows from the merged fissure complex have joined less than a mile from the coast and continue to flow southward between Pohoiki and Opihikao Roads. The lava flow from Fissure 18 is stalled. It is unknown whether the flows will continue to advance, or stop, and new lava flows are likely given the rate of activity seen at the rift zone. Volcanic gas emissions remain very high.

More than 1,700 people have already evacuated their homes, particularly in the area around Leilani Estates, located in Hawaii’s District of Puna, where 27 homes had been destroyed as of May 9.

Sources

http://earthsky.org/todays-image/kilauea-volcano-situation-worsenin...

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/hawaii/kilauea/current-activity.html

Steamboat #geyser Yellowstone

may 20 2018

https://www.facebook.com/USGSVolcanoes/photos/a.984262971602264.107...

For those of you you are #Yellowstone watchers...#Steamboat #geyser is experiencing a water eruption again. Right now.
It started at about 9:49 PM local time. Approximately 90 minutes after eruption is when increased discharge is seen at the Tantalus stream gage. Follow along at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/mt/nwis/uv?site_no=06036940, but note that there is also some precipitation that is resulting in an increase in water flow, too.

Seismic record is from station YNM at the Norris Museum. The thick trace at the bottom of the record denotes the eruption.

Yellowstone's Steamboat Geyser erupts for 5th time this year

May 13, 2018

https://www.yaktrinews.com/news/yellowstone-s-steamboat-geyser-erup...

The U.S. Geological Survey said the Steamboat Geyser erupted just before 4 a.m. Sunday, its fifth eruption so far this year.

Kilauea Eruption Continues to Worsen, Evacuation Area Closed Indefinitely (Jun 1) 

In the four weeks since Hawaii's Kilauea volcano began erupting, over 80 homes and other structures have been destroyed, and it appears by warnings from local authorities, that the eruption is moving to a more dangerous phase.

Hawaii County ordered all residents of a designated portion of the hard-hit Leilani Estates development to evacuate by Friday morning or face possible arrest.

Big Island Mayor Harry Kim declared a roughly 17-block swath of the estates “off limits indefinitely” and gave residents 24 hours to evacuate. Anyone found in the area after that time is subject to arrest.

The lava flow from fissure 8 is wide and feeding multiple flow lobes that are slowly moving downhill. Fountaining lava heights are continuing to reach 230 to 260 ft above ground level and at much higher than normal temperatures. Lava flows up to 10-feet high are advancing at variable rates. 

The speed of these lava flows has been up to 100 yards an hour, but they advance in bursts: at times the front does not move as new incoming lava is building up the flow until it becomes unstable and the lava suddenly surges forward at speeds as fast as 600 yards an hour.

In addition to spewing ash, fountaining lava and bursting lava bombs, the ongoing eruption is even creating its own weather. Hawaii Volcano Observatory Scientists are beginning to observe 'pyrocumulus' clouds forming over the Leilani Estates fissure system.

Some residents are reaching their boiling point. A man was arrested after pulling a gun on a neighbor and shooting it during an argument. Sixty-one-year-old John Hubbard is now under arrest, accused of opening fire and allegedly assaulting a neighbor who came to check on his property. The victim was injured, but was not shot.

According to Wendy Stovall, a volcanologist with the U.S. Geological Survey:

“There’s no sign we’re getting that anything is going to slow down,” Stovall told reporters.

Sources

https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-06-01/heed-evacuation-order-or-...

https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2018/06/01/hawaii-volcano-ne...

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/kilauea/news/69197/Kilauea-volcano...

03 June, 2018 Guatemala´s Fire Volcano Erupt Its reported 6 dead and 20 Wonded so far.

At least six people died in the community of Los Lotes, the capital of Escuintla, when their homes were hit by a flood, a mixture of lava and mud, the product of the eruption of the Volcán de Fuego, which erupted on Sunday.

More::

https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=y&...

Video of the Eruption of Guatemala´s Fire Volcano: https://www.facebook.com/CanalSeisNoticias/videos/820847684788056/?t=8

Deadliest Eruption at Guatemala's Fuego Volcano in over a Century (Jun 3) 

More details have emerged about the deadly eruption on June 3, which now ranks as the largest of the volcano in over 100 years.

At least 69 people, including three children, have been killed and nearly 300 injured in the most violent eruption of Guatemala’s Fuego volcano in more than four decades, officials said.

Sadly, there is plenty of reason to believe that the figures will rise much higher still as many places covered by deep, hot ashes are still inaccessible, and many of the severely injured (skin burns mainly) might not survive.

Fuego, whose name means “fire”, spewed an 8km (five-mile) stream of lava and belched a thick plume of black smoke and ash that rained on to the capital and other regions.

Dozens of communities on the southern slopes of Fuego were buried in a searing mix of mud, ash and rocks as the explosions continued for over 16 hours.

Fresh lava flows hampered search and rescue efforts on Monday, forcing emergency services to withdraw from the area. Hundreds of people remain unaccounted for.

Speaking on Monday, June 4, the head of Guatemala’s National Forensic Sciences Institute said 62 people had died, , but only 13 had been identified so far because the bodies were so badly disfigured by flows that reached temperatures as high as 1,300F (700C).

“We’re having a lot of trouble identifying them because some of the dead lost their features or their fingerprints. We’re going to have to use other anthropological methods and if possible take DNA samples to identify them.”

Mario Cruz, spokesman for the volunteer firefighter corps, said 3,100 people had evacuated the area on Sunday. Around 1,400 people spent the night in makeshift shelters set up in schools and government buildings.

President Jimmy Morales convened his ministers late on Sunday evening and declared a state of emergency in the departments of Chimaltenango, Escuintla and Sacatepéquez.

The speed and force of the pyroclastic flows – fast-moving mixtures of gas and volcanic matter – triggered deadly mudslides in the surrounding areas. The majority of confirmed victims so far were from San Miguel Los Lotes, El Rodeo, or Escuintla who died after homes were collapsed by a powerful torrent of lava and mud.

The largest pyroclastic flow reached the unusual length of approximately 10 km to the SSE in the continuation of Las Lajas canyon.

At least two of the deceased were killed after they stopped to watch the unfolding disaster, according to the national coordinator for disaster reduction.

Rescuers in helicopters managed to pull at least 10 people alive from ash drifts and mud flows that were up to the rooflines of some homes, forcing first responders to use sledgehammers to break through the roofs to see if anyone was trapped inside.

Initial rescue efforts had been led by volunteer fire fighters on Sunday afternoon as lava began flowing down the mountain’s flank and across homes and roads.

Dramatic images showed a fast-moving current of pyroclastic material and slurry, slamming into homes and bridges in and around the towns of Sacatepéquez and Escuintla, which were left charred.

It is the second time the volcano has erupted this year, setting off loud explosions and spewing ash into the sky. Ash blanketed cars and houses in the nearby villages of San Pedro Yepocapa and Sangre de Cristo.

Lesser amounts of ash fell on Guatemala City, which is 44km (27 miles) from the volcano. The capital’s La Aurora international airport shut down its only runway.

Workers and guests were evacuated from the La Reunion golf club. A video circulating on social media showed a black cloud of ash rising from just beyond the golf club.

The huge plumes of smoke that could be seen from various parts of the country and the ash that rained down in four of Guatemala’s departments caused some alarm among residents.

“It is important to remain calm because the Fuego volcano erupts throughout the year,” said David de Leon, spokesman for the National Disaster Prevention Authority.

De Leon said a change in wind was to blame for the volcanic ash falling on parts of the city.

Eddy Sanchez, the director of Guatemala’s seismological, volcanic and meteorological institute, warned of the danger of mud flows, saying: “Temperatures in the pyroclastic flow can exceed 700 degrees [Celsius] and volcanic ash can rain down on a 15km (nine-mile) radius. That could cause more mud flows and nearby rivers to burst their banks.”

Domingo López, who escaped with burns on his feet, told local newspaper Prensa Libre that his community was covered in molten ash. “I cannot believe this, it’s never been so bad,” he said from a shelter.

An estimated 1.7 million people – just over 10% of the population – are at risk from ash, toxic gases and waste emanating from the eruption.

The government has declared three days of mourning.

Sources

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44363444

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/04/guatemala-fuego-volca...

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/fuego/news/69245/Fuego-volcano-Gua...

Galapagos Islands volcano eruption: La Cumbre spews lava and gas - wildlife under THREAT A volcano on the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador has erupted, spewing lava into the sea as well as gas and smoke high into the sky. Original content: Express.co.uk   

Published on Jun 17, 2018

Video of unbelievably fast river of lava from Kilauea volcano in Hawaii on June 16, 2018. 

Shinmoedake volcano in Japan just erupted. 6-22-2018

Strong explosion at volcano volcano in Nicaragua reported by Tornados no Brasil tracking.  6-21-2018

https://www.facebook.com/TornadosnoBrasiltracking/posts/19769290156...

A new eruption at Krakatoa volcano in Java Indonesia 6- 21-2018

Source: StiriMeteo.com    https://www.facebook.com/Stirimeteo/

https://www.facebook.com/Stirimeteo/posts/2092661407615891

Ecuador. Earthquakes of magnitudes 3.6, 3.7 and 4.1 shook the Sierra Negra volcano, in the Galapagos Islands, early on Thursday.

https://www.facebook.com/SismoMundial/photos/a.806148329453999.1073...

MAP: https://www.metroecuador.com.ec/ec/noticias/2018/06/28/tres-sismos-...

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Kadovar photo Shari Kalt https://www.instagram.com/p/BkhalnuHu2j/

Papua New Guinea

https://www.facebook.com/sherinefrance/posts/1786441831421005

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Agung le 28/06/2018 - BALI INDONESIA

1- rockintravel Xabi Naxwell https://www.instagram.com/p/BkkWlnAB1cE/…
2- michaela.lekesova https://www.instagram.com/p/BkkUEmuB8QJ/?tagged=agung

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Mt. Shimmoe in southwestern Japan erupts again - Kyodo News - English

27 JUNE 2018. Mt. Shimmoe on the southwestern Japan main island of Kyushu erupted Wednesday following a similar eruption last Friday, the Japan Meteorological Agency said.

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10215444093754108&set=a...

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Lava flows in crater of Alaska volcano; warning level raised - ABC News

26 JUNE 2018. The Alaska Volcano Observatory says lava has flowed into the crater atop an Aleutian Islands volcano. The circular lava flow was spotted Monday at Mount Cleveland. The flow measured about 260 feet (80 meters) in diameter.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/Volcanoesuncensored/permalink/22777...
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Papua, New Guinea, volcano Kadovar erupts 6-28-2018

Krakatoa - Krakatau Volcano Explosions Off the Chart

Krakatau volcano (Indonesia): continuous intense explosions heard 42 km away, off scale seismicity

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatau/news/69730/Krakatau-volca...

Yellowstone Volcano latest: 100-FOOT fissure sparks URGENT park closure

A 100-foot fissure has opened up in the Grand Teton National Park – not far from the potentially catastrophic Yellowstone volcano.

A fissure has opened up in Grand Teton National Park just 60 miles (100km) from the Yellowstone volcano, prompting officials to immediately close the area.

Compelling animation of the surge in earthquakes at Hawaii's Kilauea volcano between 1 April and 30 June 2018. 

The animation begins on April 1 with a typical earthquake pattern and proceeds forward in time at a rate of one day per second. The size of the circles indicate their magnitude, and color represents their depth. Three days before the swarm began the lava within the “Overlook crater” inside of Halema`uma`u Crater overflowed then retreated back below its rim. Then on April 30, the 35 year-old Pu`u `O`o eruption ceased and its cone partially collapsed. This event coincided with the start of a swarm of volcanic earthquakes on Kilauea’s East Rift Zone, a feature extending from the volcano’s summit that carries magma underground through its flank. Eruptions can take place anywhere along this rift zone as well as at the volcano’s summit. Earthquake occurrence then moved northeast along the rift zone away from the summit, suggesting the movement of magma below ground in this direction. Magma reached the surface and erupted as lava on the afternoon of May 3. 

At the same time lava began to drain from the “Overlook crater” and by May 15 its lava lake had dropped 100s of feet then produced steam-driven explosions when it interacted with ground water. Some of these explosions were strong enough to register as magnitude 5.0 earthquakes and send ash clouds to 30,000 ft. above sea level. By the end of May, however, these explosions changed their character such that they no longer produced large steam-driven ash clouds. The walls of Halema`uma`u had begun to collapse, thus widening Halema`uma`u and burying the “Overlook crater” as magma continued to drain from the summit to feed the flank eruption. These collapses seem to release trapped volcanic gas rather than groundwater steam and produce only small ash clouds, though they still release explosive energy greater than magnitude 5.0 earthquakes and occur about once per day. Black circles represent these volcanic explosions in the animation, with their size indicating their energy release in equivalent earthquake magnitude. This explosive activity also continues today.

This animation includes charts showing some statistics about the earthquake activity. The top graph shows the maximum magnitude per day for earthquakes in white and explosions in black. The bottom graph shows the total number of seismic events per day. Since the eruption began the frequency of earthquakes initially increased to about 100 per day and their magnitudes exceeded magnitude 4.0. The largest earthquake struck on the afternoon of May 4 with a magnitude of 6.9 and produced numerous aftershocks. This largest earthquake also moved the flank of Kilauea Volcano as much as 20 inches seaward. With the subsidence of Kilauea Caldera and the collapse of Halema`uma`u the number of earthquakes dramatically increased to more than 700 per day.

Source

http://strangesounds.org/2018/07/earthquake-video-kilauea-volcano-1...

Mexican colossus Popocatepetl volcano spews ash and smoke two kilometres high threatening 30 million people  Wednesday, 1 August 2018

http://www.thebigwobble.org/2018/08/mexican-colossus-popocatepetl-v...

ETNA - SICILY ITALY AUGUST 4 2018

http://www.earth-of-fire.com/2018/08/news-of-etna-rinjani-krakatau-...

Etna - summit craters on 01.08.2018 / 17:38 GMT
The activity at Etna concerned yesterday and the day before yesterday three craters: the Bocca Nuova, the crater northeast (NEC), and the crater southeast (SEC).

The SEC emitted ash puffs at the "puttusiddu", and on August 3 at dawn, the eastern pit of the new southeastern crater was the site of an explosion.

The rise is progressive

Sources: local observers.
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Considerable earthquake swarm in Katla volcano - ICELAND
August 2, 2018

http://www.jonfr.com/volcano/?p=7622

Since early this morning (2-August-2018) there has been considerable earthquake swarm activity in Katla volcano. This earthquake swarm started yesterday (1-August-2018) at low rate but during the night and after a minor stop the earthquake rate increased and at the moment this earthquake swarm can be considered ongoing.

Largest earthquake so far had a magnitude of 3,7 and the second largest magnitude has been 2,2. Other earthquakes are smaller in magnitude at the moment.

Glacial Flood Imminent in Skaftá River ICELAND August 02, 2018

http://icelandreview.com/news/2018/08/02/glacial-flood-imminent-ska...

A glacial outburst flood is very likely to occur in Skaftá river, Southeast Iceland, in the next three days, Fréttablaðið reports. The Icelandic Met Office will hold a meeting later today to assess the situation.

A glacial outburst flood, also known as a jökulhlaup, is a subglacial outburst of water usually triggered by geothermal heating and occasionally by eruptions.

Intercraterual eruption on Mount Etna [GALLERY]- SICILY ITALY August 13, 2018

http://www.meteoweb.eu/foto/eruzione-intercraterica-etna/id/1136128/#1

Intercraterual eruption on Etna , at the " Bocca Nuova ".
The activity also affects the crater of the Northeast and is visible only from the top of the volcano.

Mount Etna SICILY ITALY

AUGUST 24 2018

http://www.earth-of-fire.com/2018/08/etna-krakatau-sabancaya-and-de...

Etna presents a rising summit activity for the past few days, with Bocca Nuova's nighttime glow and Strombolian explosions at the NSEC.

In the crater Bocca Nuova, strombolian activity of the mouth BN-1 is increasingly important. In addition, in the south-eastern part of Nuova Bocca, on August 16, the mouth BN-2 opened, after being inactive since December 2015; it produces intense degassing with high temperatures alternating with strombolian activity which remains confined for the moment inside the crater.

Etna - 22.08.2048 - Bocca Nuova glow (left) and Strombolian activity at the new south-east crater (right) - photo Boris Behncke

Etna, Krakatau, Sabancaya and Devil's Woodyard activities

Etna, Krakatau, Sabancaya and Devil's Woodyard activities

An eruption occurred at Anak Krakatau on August 23, 2018 at 18:07 WIB. It is characterized by a black ash plume 700 meters high above the crater (1.005 m asl.), a duration of 31 seconds and a maximum amplitude of 27 mm on the seismogram.

The alert level remains at 2, with a forbidden area of ​​2 km radius around the crater.

Source: PVMBG

G Peru reports intense ash emissions on August 23 at Sabancaya; they disperse to the northeast and east over 80 km, and are accompanied by a plume rising to 4,000 meters in height.

The Devil's Woodyard mud volcano erupted on August 21 shortly after the M 6.9 earthquake that rocked Trinidad & Tobago.

Residents close to the site heard muffled sounds coming from it. At least eight active cones ejected mud near the vents and the gas outlet was observed, especially constant from the central vent.

A new step fracture has been noted.

According to Professor R. Robert Stevenson, director of the UWI seismic research center, there is a possible connection between seismic activity and that of mud volcanoes, to be verified before affirming it.

Mount Etna SICILY ITALY

AUGUST 24 2018

Paroxysmal activity at the new South-East Crater started around 9.30 local time of 24 August 2018 and lasted about an hour. #Etna #eruption #park #unesco #volcano

https://www.facebook.com/EnteParcoEtna/videos/715543375455155/?hc_r...[0]=68.ARAPEnR1NhlHX12gNYNT3c5IsDixeh8mqsS64Lwl2ZsuxjU1cFx_6hX6o6KKYjBYRA6CTsuQUShP5c_pDbRiHgRhUiUGyH9MhroPXA58KDSdocIIy0DvrXXyvHGxsZDRL3jgFMQ&__tn__=FC-R&fb_dtsg_ag=AdzikiTqhlZ_sLtUvEe6dl0RdDv2BsQfEQT9_61_2-hxOA%3AAdzFWgJQhmWNMpqBSpzfUemnmCrm0UVn5DsBsdHkcLN7Yg

Papua New Guinea Volcano Spews Ash 15 Kilometers High, Thousands Flee (Aug 25) 

An island volcano on the north coast of Papua New Guinea erupted early on Saturday, forcing 2,000 villagers to flee from lava flows.

Manam Island, just 10 km (6 miles) wide, is one of the Pacific nation's most active volcanoes and is home to roughly 9,000 people.

Three villages were directly in the path of the lava flow and residents had to be evacuated to safer ground.

The Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO) reported the eruption began at 6 a.m. local time (2000 GMT Friday), sending an ash column 15 km (50,000 feet) above sea level.

The ash falls were so heavy that trees broke under the weight, the RVO said in an information bulletin.

'The most affected areas are Baliau and Kuluguma and due to the very poor visibility caused by the ash fall, people are using torch light to move around,' it said.

The RVO's Steve Saunders said it was an unusually large eruption.

'There are no casualties as far as we know but we are telling people to keep away from valleys for risk of mud flows. There's a heavy thick blanket of ash on the flank and if there is heavy rainfall, we are making people aware of the threat,' he said by phone. Saunders said the initial phase of the eruption was over but a new vent had opened, indicating more activity may be likely.

Manam Island, just 10 km (6 miles) wide, is one of the Pacific nation's most active volcanoes and is home to roughly 9,000 people. The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (DVAAC) issued a threat warning to aviation to reroute around the cloud, which was above the cruising level of commercial airlines.

Previous eruptions on Manam have killed residents who breathed in the ash or were buried by landslides, according to volcanic information website volcanodiscovery.com.

Source

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6097105/Papua-New-Guinea-vo...

https://alaska-native-news.com/alert-level-raised-to-orange-on-moun...

Alert Level Raised to Orange on Mount Veniaminof Volcano

September 11 2018 (Alaska)

The Alaska Volcano Observatory raised the alert level on Mount Veniaminof last week after satellite imagery showed low-level ash emissions emanating from the volcano’s caldera.

The alert level was raised from green to yellow on September 3rd after increased seismic activity was detected and raised further the next day to orange after ash was detected.

Veniaminof, an 8,225-foot stratovolcano is one of the largest and most active volcanos in the Aleutian arc. In the past 200 years, the volcano has erupted at least 13 times.

Passengers on the Tustumena spotted lava flowing and fountaining from the volcano as it transited the area traveling from Sand Point to Chignik on Monday.

Krakatau volcano eruption in Indonesia 2018. Eruption of Anak Volcano Krakatau in Indonesia, impressive sound of volcano strength.

FROM LINK:
Krakatoa, or Krakatau is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

Krakatau volcano eruption in Indonesia (Sept 22, 2018)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsRfyAtwL6c

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Katla volcano releases massive amount of CO2 daily ICELAND

September 13, 2018

http://www.jonfr.com/volcano/?p=7666

According to new study into CO2 release of Katla volcano the amount released by the volcano is massive. According to the news on Rúv the daily amount released of CO2 is 20 kiloton (1 kiloton = 1000 tons). What is not known today is if this high release of CO2 is constant or if it fluctuates during the year. More reaches is needed into that possible.

I don’t know how much magma is needed for this amount of CO2 release from Katla volcano. What I do know is that it is not little amount of magma inside Katla volcano.

Soputan Volcano in Sulawesi, Indonesia .

OCTOBER 3 2018

Awesome video of the eruption a few minutes ago of the #Soputan Volcano in Sulawesi, Indonesia ... its ash column exceeded 4 km in height

https://www.facebook.com/LaNuevaEraDeLaTierra2/videos/2504151723330...[0]=68.ARBTjbG0nwgcTwiSikVRTfOd10IHQjL-d3UsN4o67Qq6jm99buVxCP8HgOkPDxxPXtLbkQk49T5DpffE2X-8TaW4BhDJza9ajQk7STaCRhe2wYJbH5ffrbkodeBvqVQQGhSkJiwS0n5rk-4zH6XS8iJO2JmtZuNIgntQDNM9mz9oIozJ9T4p_G8

MAP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soputan

Guatemala's erupting Volcan de Fuego triggers evacuations

 https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/guatemala-s-erupting-volcano-fir...

 In this image taken with a long exposure, Guatemala's Volcan de Fuego, or Volcano of Fire, spews hot molten lava from its crater on Monday.Moises Castillo / AP

 GUATEMALA CITY — Disaster coordination authorities have asked 10 communities in Guatemala to evacuate and go to safe areas after an increased eruption of the Volcano of Fire.

The 10 communities have at least 2,000 residents, but each community will decide if they evacuate or not. Antigua al Rescate, an organization that helped communities after a devastating eruption in June, and a newspaper in the capital reported at least three communities were doing so.

Images of the volcano after midnight showed glowing lava at the summit. The volcano is located among the departments of Escuintla, Chimaltenango and Sacatepéquez in the south-central part of the country.

David de León, spokesman for the National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction, told The Associated Press that at least eight communities should leave.

Posted:  Nov. 19, 2018 / 2:41 AM EST / Updated 4:33 AM EST / Associated Press

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6523819/At-20-people-died-...

Tsunami strikes Indonesia killing at least 40 people and injuring 600 more after Krakatoa blows its top as volcanic ash spreads across the region threatening holiday flights

• Indonesia's Disaster Mitigation Agency said at least 40 people have been confirmed killed in the tsunami
• A further 600 people have been injured after the wave hit beaches around the Sunda Strait 
• It is believed the wave was caused by seismic activity from the volcanic eruption on nearby Krakatoa 
• Pilots operating in the region have been warned about a volcanic ash cloud spreading from the eruption site 

At least 40 people have been killed after a tsunami caused by a volcanic eruption hit beaches in Indonesia. 

The wave hit beaches around the Sunda Strait late on Saturday night. 

The country's Disaster Mitigation Agency confirmed around 600 people have been injured. 

A tsunami alert was issued and people in low-lying areas fled to higher ground. 

Indonesian officials believe the tsunami was caused by an eruption on nearby Krakatoa, which has been spewing volcanic ash into the air. 

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology has been monitoring the situation and has issued a red warning to airline pilots operating in the region that an ash cloud is spreading south west from the volcano to an altitude of 55,000 feet.   

Survivors of the Indonesian tsunami which killed 40 and injured a further 600 sheltered in a mosque after they evacuated to higher ground in case of further flooding

Killer wave was believed to have been caused by a volcanic eruption on nearby Krakatoa

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology has issued a warning to airline pilots working in the region that a volcanic ash cloud is heading south west from the scene of of the eruption up to an altitude of 55,000 feet

It is believed the tsunami was caused by an undersea landslide following the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano. 

It is understood the wave hit beaches on the Sunda Strait - between the islands of Java and Sumatra. 

In September, at least 832 people were killed by a quake and tsunami that hit the city of Palu on the island of Sulawesi, which is just east of Borneo. 

A volcanic eruption in Krakatoa in 1883 was one of the deadliest in recorded history killing more than 36,000 people. 

A video circulating on Twitter shows a two-foot high wave washing ashore. Later photographs show cars overturned and buildings destroyed. 

However, local media said Indonesian authorities warned coastal areas could be hit by 7-foot high waves.  

The Meteorology and Geophysics agency in a separate statement said it could have been caused by undersea landslides from the eruption of Anak Krakatau, a volcanic island formed over years from the nearby Krakatau volcano. It also cited tidal waves caused by the full moon.

The number of victims is likely to increase because not all affected areas have been assessed, said disaster agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho.

One witness,  Øystein Lund Andersen wrote on Facebook: 'I had to run, as the wave passed the beach and landed 15-20m (meters) inland. Next wave entered the hotel area where i was staying and downed cars on the road behind it. Managed to evacuate with my family to higher ground trough forest paths and villages, where we are taken care of (by) the locals. Were unharmed, thankfully.'

He said he had been taking photographs of the eruption on Krakatoa when the wave struck. 

He added: 'So encountered my first tsunami it seems, hopefully my last.'  

Sunday Dec 23, 2018 17:18 PM | BY: T
Large part of Anak Krakatau has collapsed into the sea - reconstruction of the eruption
(Steam and ash explosions at Krakatau seen this morning (Image: Dicky Adam Sidiq/kumparan))

First visual information about the situation on Anak Krakatau island group itself has come in, revealing that a large part of Anak Krakatau's SW flank has collapsed, which most likely is the trigger for last night's tsunami.

An overflight of was undertaken today by the Kumparan agency and revealed continuous, violent phreatomagmatic explosions, i.e. driven by lava and water interaction.

From:

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatau/news/72510/Large-part-of-...

Volcano Planet shared a post.
50 mins ·
Eruption on Etna today

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10217562988215980&set=a...

https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2018/12/bali-volcano-shoots-as...

Bali volcano shoots ash 700m into the air in its most recent explosion

Sea water has turned white in the bay of Naples, near Mt. Vesuvius. 
https://www.facebook.com/303295277079480/posts/392118858197121/

A detailed look at the geology and ancient volcanoes of the southeast mountain regions.

https://peopleofonefire.com/volcanoes-in-florida-georgia-north-caro...

“Volcanoes” in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee explained

Jun 10, 2017

An article entitled “Georgia’s Secret Volcanic Range” has attracted considerable readership and controversy.   The article was written after a POOF reader described finding small amounts of obsidian in the Pidgeon Mountain Range of Northwest Georgia, which is immediately east of the Cumberland Plateau in Alabama.  I wrote an article which recounted newspaper reports of volcanic activity at Pigeon Mountain in 1857.  Some tectonic activity continued at Pigeon Mountain until the 1886 Charleston, SC Earthquake.

To several people writing in, it seemed implausible for volcanoes to exist in regions of sedimentary rock.  Those comments associated with the Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta became increasing pejorative . . . calling me a hoaxter, fraud, dangerous, dishonest, unscientific  and spreader of fake news.  These persons, claiming to be professional or semi-professional geologists, stated as facts that there were no volcanoes and no diamonds in the Southeast.  They said that it was impossible to have volcanoes, where there was sedimentary rock strata.

Actually,  up until the 1886 Charleston Earthquake, there was a minor type of volcanic activity documented in Northwest Florida at the Wakulla “volcano,” plus several locations in the mountains of Georgia, western North Carolina and extreme eastern Tennessee.   There was a less intensive outbreak of this same type of activity near Asheville, NC in the 1980s, which was associated with minor earthquake activity 270 miles away in the Charleston, SC area and in eastern Tennessee.  Residents in Tennessee, North Carolina and Northwest Georgia have repeatedly reported hearing explosions from mountaintops in the Great Smoky, Pisgah, Unaka, Cohutta and Pigeon Mountain Ranges.

The geology profession acknowledged and in a general way, explained the existence of volcanic activity in the Southeast over 140 years ago.  Apparently, those persons, who made the pejorative comments, were not provided this information in collage.  However, before we discuss the findings of geologists at a conference held in 1874, we will give readers some background information.

Southern Highlands Geology 101

The Southern Highlands today consist of the remnants of several mountain-building epochs, over many hundreds of millions of years.   The oldest mountains have been worn down to the point that they a generally not visible except at Pine Mountain, northeast of Columbus, GA and several small mountains in the Metropolitan Atlanta Area.   Famous Stone Mountain, 16 miles east of Atlanta, is a monadnock or the granite core of what was once a massive volcano.  The older mountains were created by the collision of Africa and North America.  At one time, they were the height of the Rockies.   Younger mountains in Northwest Georgia,  North Alabama and Eastern Tennessee were created by the folding and erosion of sedimentary rocks.  Massive volcanoes once erupted in what is now the Atlanta Metropolitan Area and along a fault line that now defines the Cohutta, Unaka and Great Smoky Mountains. 

Structural engineers and architects absolutely have to understand geology, because if we don’t, buildings will fall down. So the condescending comments from readers that assumed I was ignorant of geology were off base.  For example, both in the Shenandoah Valley and in Bartow County, GA,  I had to design special concrete footings for buildings because the dolimitic limestone beneath the surface is prone to expand in the winter and contract in the summer.  In both regions the sub-strata rocks look like Swiss Cheese.  These cavities fill with water seasonally.  The limestone slowly dissolves and sometimes collapses.  One section of my farm in the Shenandoah Valley was at least a foot lower in August than early April!

Geology classes at Georgia Tech make students aware that North Georgia and Western North Carolina were violent volcanic regions eons ago.  There are still active faults in the region and so when I design a building in Northwest Georgia, I must use Zone Two or Three seismic design structural reinforcement.

However, there is a line of extremely ancient, extinct volcanoes in North Georgia, which are totally unrelated to the fault lines or major mountain ranges.  It is now theorized that the cause of these volcanoes was holes in the earth’s crust, which allowed magma to push upward near the surface.  This is what is still creating the Hawaiian Islands.  A recent geological report theorizes that there was once a volcanic island chain like the Hawaiian Islands off the coast of the Carolinas.  The North American and broken chunk of the African Plate, attached to North America, overrode these islands.  Their lava punctured through the continental plates, but eventually ran out of magma.

On a field trip,  a professor showed us a line of cone-shaped mountains that stretch from near the Savannah River to the edge of the Great Appalachian Valley.  These are the remnants of ancient volcanoes.   The vector of this line crosses the Blue Ridge Mountain Escarpment.  It does not run at the same angle as the Blue Ridge Mountains. A professor mentioned that there are still several extinct or dormant volcanic vent holes or fumaroles in North Georgia and western North Carolina. He stated that in the past,  large, high quality diamonds had been found on the surface of North Georgia and speculated that at least some of these vent holes might be diamond tubes.*  However, NO ONE ever mentioned to us that there had been a form of volcanic activity in the Southern Highlands during recent times.

*The governor of the Spanish Province of La Florida paid 5,000 crowns for an enormous diamond that a trader obtained from the town that we now call the Track Rock Terrace Complex.   The Spanish called the town, Copal. There was a commercial gem mine at Track Rock Gap in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

During the 1970s and 1980s, there were a series of sharp explosions in the Craggy and Black Mountains near Asheville, plus the Pisgah and Smoky Mountains along the North Carolina and Tennessee State Line.  The sharp explosions in the Pisgah Mountains were associated with massive rock slides. Local “rock experts” were particularly confused because the explosions had occurred at locations that were igneous, metamorphic AND sedimentary rock strata.  They assumed that the explosions could not have come out of the earth in sedimentary regions.

My farm was at the foot of 6,105 feet tall Craggy Dome Mountain,  I heard some of the explosions.  They sounded like the sharp crack of lightning bolts nearby, but there were few clouds in the sky, when most explosions were heard by North Carolina residents.  Residents living in the area between Asheville and Hendersonville, where the rocks are limestone, also smelled sulfur type odors after these explosions.  On several occasions the rock slides completely blocked Interstate 40 and did millions of dollars of damage to roads and bridges, so geologists from North Carolina State University and the US Geological Survey were brought in to thoroughly research the region’s geological history. 

The Asheville Citizen-Times published a summary of the geological report.  This is when I first learned about recent volcanic activity in the Southeast.  The geologists pinpointed the explosions to be at locations where there had been volcanic activities up until the 1886 Charleston Earthquake.   These activities included rocks being exploded out of the ground, a red glow at night,  volcanic smoke that smelled like sulfur and flames shooting out of the ground.  The report also mentioned such activities occurring in the Pigeon Mountains of Georgia.  However, at the time I had no clue where the Pigeon Mountains were.

The geologists stated that the explosions were caused by superheated gas and steam breaking though cracks in the bedrock and reaching the surface under high pressure.  They observed that one of the craters in the Southern Highlands were created by the explosions by decomposition of the calcium carbonate, which exposed to super-heated steam.   It didn’t matter what kind of rock.  The geologists observed that one of the most frequent locations of proto-volcanic activity and earthquakes was near Hot Springs, NC . . . which itself is near the Great Smoky Mountain Fault Line.   The rocks here are sedimentary stone.

The geologist, who stated that volcanoes cannot occur in limestone strata, was absolutely wrong.  Several of Mesoamerica’s largest limestone caves are near active or dormant volcanoes.  The caves were initially created by superheated gases dissolving the limestone.  That will be discussed later in the article.

The geological report stated that the heat and gases were coming from active fault lines.  The geologists had no explanation as how a fault near Charleston, SC could create Stage One volcanoes 300-400 miles away in western North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia.  However, there are active earthquake zones around fault lines in the Southern Highlands, which parallel the Great Smoky Mountains, plus are under the Pigeon Mountains and Lookout Mountain in Georgia and Alabama. 

The geological report stated that the heat and gases were coming from active fault lines.  The geologists had no explanation as how a fault near Charleston, SC could create Stage One volcanoes 300-400 miles away in western North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia.  However, there are active earthquake zones around fault lines in the Southern Highlands, which parallel the Great Smoky Mountains, plus are under the Pigeon Mountains and Lookout Mountain in Georgia and Alabama. 

In its incredible wisdom,  the TVA built two nuclear power plants over an active fault line.  The US Army Corps of Engineers built one of the world’s tallest earthen dams over the Cartersville Fault in Northwest Georgia.  This fault is assumed to be inactive . . . but is it?   There were absolutely no seismic reinforcements placed in Carters Dam.

  What residents of the Southern Highlands experienced in the 1800s was the first stages of volcanic eruptions.   However, with the possible exception of one or two craters in Haywood County, NC, no lava came to the surface.    The geologists were asked by reporters, if these gassy volcanoes in the Southern Mountains could turn into the more violent type of volcanoes, which spewed lava.   The answer was “yes, but not likely.”   If the gases have cut holes through the bedrock, hot magma often follows their paths in other regions of the world.  Do scientists really know for certain that these explosions in the Southern Highlands are not the beginnings of real volcanoes some time in the near future?  The answer was, “No, but we hope we are right.“

Volcanic activity in limestone regions

Anyone who has spent much time in southern Mexico knows that volcanic activity and sedimentary bedrocks can coexist.   Blasts of super-heated steam and tubes of lava have pushed through deep layers of sedimentary rock to create anything from massive caverns to thermal springs to 18,491 feet tall Orizaba Volcano, pictured above.  There are also numerous vent holes, like those found in the Southern Highlands, which were considered sacred by the Mesoamerican peoples and the ancient Greeks.  The holes were believed to be passages to the underworld.   The Oracles of Delphi were located over a vent hole.  Thus, the original attractions of Track Rock Gap were both its gems and its vent hole. 

An unusual chemical characteristic of calcium carbonate, CaCO_{3 ,} makes both limestone and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, such as marble, extremely vulnerable to volcanic gases and super-heated steam.  Calcium carbonate is principal component of limestone, marble and conglomerate.  Calcium carbonate has a relatively low melting point, which makes it an excellent flux for utilitarian ceramics.  However, when part of stone, it begins decomposing into Calcium Oxide (CaO)   at around 1000 degree F. or slightly lower.   When subjected to superheated steam, limestone and marble quickly decompose and become calcium hydroxide, a highly caustic substance.

There is an extremely deep vertical hole in Pigeon Mountain, which some eologists have interpreted as being created by eons of dripping water . . . yet they have no explanation as to why this chamber, which is quite similar to a vent hole, formed at that location and nowhere else.  Logic would suggest that such a phenomenon would be at a low point of a valley, not within a mountain peak.   Residents of the region in the 1800s stated that the explosions associated with Pigeon Mountain came from the mouth of this chamber and a nearby crater.  As stated earlier, “gas” and “steam” volcanoes can create craters . . . some with the identical appearance and size of collapsed calderas.

July 16, 1874 conference in Washington, DC

Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Clingman

Reports by Union troops during the Civil War and Reconstruction of strange explosions heard from the mountains of North Carolina, Georgia and eastern Tennessee induced the American Philosophical Society to ask General Thomas L. Clingman of North Carolina to present a report on the phenomena.  Clingman devoted the last 35 years of his life to the scientific study of the Southern Appalachians.  Clingman’s Dome in the Great Smoky Mountains is named after him.

Clingman stated that there were several locations where violent explosions had occurred from below the surface of mountain tops, leaving holes in the ground, shattered rocks and flattened trees.  Most craters were circular and four to five feet wide.  However, after a loud explosion near Franklin, NC, a crater was visible, which was about three feet wide and a mile long.  The odor of sulfur lingered around the craters long after they ceased emitted hot smoke.  The rocks and trees around the craters were scorched.  Even though Clingman was a professional surveyor, it was impossible for him to measure the depth of these craters. 

Clingman stated that from the earliest settlement of western North Carolina in the late 1700s,  settlers had repeatedly experienced earthquakes in many locations around the region, which were soon followed by explosions and craters appearing near the highest elevations of mountains and ridges.  His interpretation of these events was that the earthquakes permitted some magma to push higher into the surface rocks, which then created very hot gasses.  These gasses were able to push their way upward because their high heat shattered the rocks.  Apparently,  dense crystalline rocks were sealing the breach before magma could flow upward to the surface.

Clingman has seemed to “hit the nail on the head.”   At every location where the gas volcanoes have appeared,  there are faults deep within the earth nearby, or directly under the crater.  There is an active fault line and earthquake zone under the Pigeon Mountain Range.  These mountains could have well been coated with a mantle of solidified lava eons ago, which has since then eroded off . . . except for a few pieces of obsidian. 

The gas primarily explodes out of the ground at the peaks of mountains because the mountains were created by the folding of rocks and the exposed ends of these rock strata occur at the tops of mountains.

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/karymsky/news/75663/Karymsky-volca...

Karymsky volcano (Kamchatka): elevated activity, frequent explosions

One of Kamchatka's most active volcanoes has recently been very active again: satellite data show intense ash emissions that blanket the snow-clad landscape east of the volcano up to the coast with a layer of dark ash.
The current activity is likely consisting of strombolian to vulcanian-type explosions at irregular, but possibly very frequent intervals. The volcano is extremely remote from any populated center and road, and only accessible by helicopter or via day-long treks. There is no ground monitoring of the volcano.
If activity continues, we might try visit it during our upcoming Volcano Special tour to Kamchatka 16-24 March.
KVERT reported on 16 February that a satellite image captured an ash plume from Karymsky drifting 55 km SE at altitudes of 2.5-3 km (8,200-10,000 ft) a.s.l.
The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). According to the Tokyo VAAC a possible ash plume on 17 February rose to 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A weak ash plume drifting 117 km ESE was visible in satellite images on 18 February.

Mexico’s Popocatepetl volcano suffers largest eruption in years (PHOTOS, VIDEOS) Published time: 19 Mar, 2019 04:28

https://www.rt.com/news/454170-mexico-eruption-volcano-popocatepetl/

This is how the Popocatépetl volcano in Puebla dawned, which since last night recorded one of the strongest explosions recorded in recent years. 

Posted by Noticias Al Dia : 3-19-2019

World Seismology
·
 ⚠️ULTIMO MINUTO | CENAPRED has increased the alert of the # Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico. From Yellow Alert Phase 2 to Phase 3 (Preventively) by the observed changes in their behavior.

https://www.facebook.com/SismoMundial/photos/a.806107496124749/2227...

ALERT LEVELS

Nyiragongo volcano Democratic Republic of the Congo
AFRICA APRIL 2019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Nyiragongo

Latest video from Nyiragongo
Nyiragongo keeps overflowing and building a small shield around the lava lake making it higher and higher.
This elevates the lava lake above the caldera floor.
This is increased pressure in Nyiragongos magma system.
The This is the first time it is like this since the lake formed in 2002. There been minior overflows in 2011 and 2007 too

https://www.facebook.com/virunga/videos/379541609443273/UzpfSTEwMDA...[0]=68.ARDmJQbeCe5eDUcP-FewOgtOnQXjHFY8VtDwX7GhC6BY84u5GxiViwajQ3ypyLFSW1xEj_TGPIBJWN40mLa_N0jCRHgkpSFaA4CNP9wkuB0-rDmpt4ElHYFpDJrrnmMqNtBr5FGiShhMFwSVYKISC5dQhkO86jvTtXTmlXLo-_ThbCe48_KbUCVllmaKppp_c873eY2nUMoVYypsUABjDmHIzDvbPD-u7-kkTnJndl9LJsfQ-U0Ln-cOTFYRdJ_j4Q7_6q8oNia9i4sHUMeJIJwu8S7lhLLzMFFKvIveqE6uhsASmLR5_EbUhuHZ-kG3RlFW0QdriJk&__tn__=CH-R

Lava bubbling out of the ground in Sirsala; Maharashtra; India 4-14-2019 

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/stromboli/news/78858/Stromboli-vol...

Eruption updates & news from Stromboli:

Stromboli volcano (Italy) activity update: frequent strombolian explosions

Stunning Sonar Image Just Revealed Largest Underwater Volcano Eruption Ever Detected NATURE 22 MAY 2019

In November last year, geologists announced they'd picked up something really weird: a huge seismic event originating in the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, felt all across the globe, source unknown. A few months later, scientists used modelling to produce an answer - hypothesising a giant underwater volcanic eruption.

And now it seems that is pretty likely to be the case. Scientists travelled out to where they think the swarm's epicentre is located, and they found a large active volcano, rising 800 metres (2,624 feet) from the seafloor, and sprawling up to 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) across.

A large active volcano that wasn't there six months prior.

If these volcanic birth pains didn't produce the detected seismic activity, that would be a pretty amazing coincidence. But more research is still needed to make absolutely sure.

The seismic rumbles actually started on 10 May 2018. Just a few days later, on 15 May, a magnitude 5.8 quake struck. Since that time, hundreds of seismic rumbles have been detected, most on the smaller side, with the notable exception of the Earth-rattling low-frequency November event.

https://www.sciencealert.com/this-sonar-image-captures-the-largest-...

Bali's Mount Agung erupts and spews lava as volcanic ash spreads across the sky forcing all flights in and out of the island to be cancelled

• Flights in and out of Bali airport have been cancelled after Mount Agung erupted on Friday night 
• Lava was seen spurting out of the crater and running down the slope for three kilometres
• Volcanic ash rained and affected villages in the nearby regions but no immediate evacuation has been called
• This is the third time this month the volcano has erupted this month. Agung became active again in 2017

Bali's Mount Agung volcano erupted on Friday, spreading ash across the Indonesian island and forcing flights in and out of the airport to be cancelled.

The eruption happened on Friday night and lasted four minutes and 30 seconds, lava was seen spurting out of the crater and down the slope for three kilometres.

The Directorate General of Air Transportation said four flights to Bali were diverted and five flights out of the popular tourist destination were canceled because of volcanic ash.

Volcanic ash rained and affected villages in the nearby regions of Karangasem and Bangli, the Sydney Morning Herald reported.

The eruption happened on Friday night and lasted four minutes and 30 seconds, lava was seen spurting out of the crater and down the slope for three kilometres

No immediate evacuation was called as the villages are well within the safe zone, a spokesperson for the National Disaster Mitigation Agency told the publication. 

Indonesia's Center of Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (PVMBG) said in a repor t: 'The ash column could not be observed.

'Thundering sounds from the eruption were heard adequately strong from the monitoring post.'

Agung became active again in 2017 after more than a half century of slumber following a major eruption in 1963. 

This is the third time the volcano has erupted this month, with the other two incidents happening on May 12 and May 18.

Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7068363/Balis-Mount-Agung-...