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Stanislav
Hi Nancy and Zetas,
Could the Zetas tell what triggered that unexpected tsunami? The authorities canceled the tsunami threat because of a lack of data in that area. Scientists also point out that the wave is too high for this type of earthquake (slip-strike). Yea, and in general the tsunami for this type of earthquake is rare. Example in 2012 when there was an earthquake (slip-strike) in Sumatra and there was no tsunami.
What is it about an earthquake that causes a tsunami?
Although earthquake magnitude is one factor that affects tsunami generation, there are other important factors to consider. The earthquake must be a shallow marine event that displaces the seafloor. Thrust earthquakes (as opposed to strike slip) are far more likely to generate tsunamis, but small tsunamis have occurred in a few cases from large (i.e., > M8) strike-slip earthquakes.
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-it-about-earthquake-causes-a-tsunami...
29 September, 2018. Indonesia tsunami sensors missed huge waves: Official
<...>
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2018/09/29/indonesia-tsunami-...
The geophysics agency (BMKG) faced criticism on Saturday on social media, with many questioning if the tsunami warning was lifted too soon. The agency said it followed standard operating procedure and made the call to "end" the warning based on data available from the closest tidal sensor, around 200km from Palu.
"We have no observation data at Palu. So we had to use the data we had and make a call based on that," said Rahmat Triyono, head of the earthquakes and tsunami centre at BMKG. He said the closest tide gauge, which measures changes in sea level, only recorded an "insignificant", 6cm wave and did not account for the giant waves near Palu.
<...>
Baptiste Gombert, a geophysics researcher at University of Oxford, said it was "surprising" the quake had generated a tsunami.
Friday's quake was recorded as a "strike-slip" event where neighbouring tectonic plates move horizontally against each other, rather than vertically, which is what usually generates a tsunami. "There is some speculation that there was a landslide under the sea which displaced a lot of water and caused the tsunami,"he said, adding the narrow bay may have concentrated the force of the waves as they moved toward the shore.
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-tsunami-sensors...
28 September, 2018. Indonesia's Surprise Tsunami, Explained
Scientists were surprised by the ensuing tsunami, which resulted in conflicting warning messages. But experts suggest that the area's unique geology could be to blame for the unusual progression of the disaster.
<...>
Tsunamis typically are the result of the abrupt motion of large submarine earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. And earthquakes are not uncommon in Indonesia; the island chain sits within what's known as the Ring of Fire, a curving horseshoe-shaped chain of tectonic plate boundaries that hugs the Pacific basin. It is home to around 90 percent of the world's earthquakes.
But the monster waves were unexpected for this particular quake.
The 7.5-magnitude earthquake appears to be the result of what's known as a strike-slip fault, which takes place as two blocks of crust grind against one another, largely in a horizontal direction. Tsunamis more commonly follow vertical movement in the crust, which disrupts the overlying water and can generate massive waves crashing onshore.
“It is definitely a surprise,” says Baptiste Gombert, a geophysicist at the University of Oxford. He notes that Indonesia's geology is highly complex. A spidery web of different types of faults cut through the region, so teasing out exactly what happened is a challenge. But preliminary results hint at a few possibilities.
The tsunami might be the result of some vertical movement along the fault, Gombert says. But he finds it unlikely this could entirely explain such high waves—some preliminary models estimate waves as tall as 16 feet. “Even if there was a little vertical displacement, this is a pretty big tsunami,” he says. It's likely landslides—either submarine or from the shores—also disturbed the bay waters, causing the wave.
The bounds of the bay itself may have also been an issue, notes Janine Krippner, a volcanologist at Concord University. “That can amplify wave height as it channels water into a smaller area,” she writes via Twitter message. But she emphasizes that there is still a lot of uncertainty surrounding today's events.
Indonesian agencies are directing locals to remain aware of continued dangers. “People are encouraged to remain vigilant,” said disaster agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, the AP reports. “It is better not to be in a house or building because the potential for aftershocks can be dangerous. People are encouraged to gather in safe areas. Avoid the slopes of hills.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/09/indonesia-ts...
Thank you very much
Sep 29, 2018
Nancy Lieder
Accepted. The quake and tsunami were right in the middle of the Sunda platelet, very odd.
Stanislav said:
The authorities canceled the tsunami threat because of a lack of data in that area. Scientists also point out that the wave is too high for this type of earthquake (slip-strike). Yea, and in general the tsunami for this type of earthquake is rare. Example in 2012 when there was an earthquake (slip-strike) in Sumatra and there was no tsunami.
[and from another]
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-it-about-earthquake-causes-a-tsunami...
The earthquake must be a shallow marine event that displaces the seafloor. Thrust earthquakes (as opposed to strike slip) are far more likely to generate tsunamis.
[and from another]
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2018/09/29/indonesia-tsunami-...
29 September, 2018. Indonesia tsunami sensors missed huge waves. The closest tide gauge, which measures changes in sea level, only recorded an "insignificant", 6cm wave and did not account for the giant waves near Palu.
[and from another]
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-tsunami-sensors...
Friday's quake was recorded as a "strike-slip" event where neighbouring tectonic plates move horizontally against each other, rather than vertically, which is what usually generates a tsunami. "There is some speculation that there was a landslide under the sea which displaced a lot of water and caused the tsunami," he said, adding the narrow bay may have concentrated the force of the waves as they moved toward the shore.
[and from another]
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/09/indonesia-ts...
28 September, 2018. Indonesia's Surprise Tsunami, Explained.
The 7.5-magnitude earthquake appears to be the result of what's known as a strike-slip fault, which takes place as two blocks of crust grind against one another, largely in a horizontal direction. Tsunamis more commonly follow vertical movement in the crust, which disrupts the overlying water and can generate massive waves crashing onshore.
SOZT
The Sunda Platelet, that portion of the Eurasian Plate that holds Indonesia and snuggles down into the curve of the Indo-Australian Plate, is under great pressure. The great Pacific is pushing in from the East. The Indo-Australian Plate is tilting in the West, and in all of this the Sunda Platelet is the loser. Geologists are accustomed to looking at the Sunda dynamics as though this were a static situation, not part of the 7 of 10 plate movements we have described and predicted. Thus what looks like broad, stable, and flat ocean bottoms are assumed to continue. They do not.
Compression will take the path of least resistance. We have described thin places in a crust as being shown by river bottoms, as the thin crust sags and thus water pools and flows at the lowest elevation. These dynamics can be seen underwater also. Note that on the Sunda Platelet there are regions where the Banda Sea and Celebes Sea show deep water, with a compression ridge in the Arafura Sea where the ocean floor is being pushed down. Palu experienced tsunami because the water was DEEP there, due to thin crust in the bay. This caused tidal bore in the narrowing bay.
EOZT
Sep 30, 2018
Nancy Lieder
As is our usual practice, we are closing out this September chat and opening the Q&A for October. Please post your questions there.
http://poleshift.ning.com/forum/topics/zetatalk-chat-for-october-31...
Sep 30, 2018